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Annotating datasets for question answering (QA) tasks is very costly, as it requires intensive manual labor and often domain-specific knowledge. Yet strategies for annotating QA datasets in a cost-effective manner are scarce. To provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Bernhard Kratzwald , Xiang Yue , Huan Sun , Stefan Feuerriegel

Fine-grained Entity Typing is a tough task which suffers from noise samples extracted from distant supervision. Thousands of manually annotated samples can achieve greater performance than millions of samples generated by the previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Sheng Lin , Luye Zheng , Bo Chen , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Fei Wu , Zhigang Chen , Guoping Hu , Xiang Ren

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely employed in recommender systems including incorporating attention mechanism for performance improvement. However, most of existing attention-based models only apply item-level attention on user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-20 Deqing Yang , Zengcun Song , Lvxin Xue , Yanghua Xiao

Annotation guidelines used to guide the annotation of training and evaluation datasets can have a considerable impact on the quality of machine learning models. In this study, we explore the effects of annotation guidelines on the quality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Faiz Ali Shah , Kairit Sirts , Dietmar Pfahl

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Self-annotation is the gold standard for collecting affective state labels in affective computing. Existing methods typically rely on full annotation, requiring users to continuously label affective states across entire sessions. While this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaeyoung Moon , Youjin Choi , Yucheon Park , David Melhart , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Kyung-Joong Kim

High quality gene models are necessary to expand the molecular and genetic tools available for a target organism, but these are available for only a handful of model organisms that have undergone extensive curation and experimental…

Recent research in the field of computer vision strongly focuses on deep learning architectures to tackle image processing problems. Deep neural networks are often considered in complex image processing scenarios since traditional computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Marcel P. Schilling , Luca Rettenberger , Friedrich Münke , Haijun Cui , Anna A. Popova , Pavel A. Levkin , Ralf Mikut , Markus Reischl

Conventional multimedia annotation/retrieval systems such as Normalized Continuous Relevance Model (NormCRM) [16] require a fully labeled training data for a good performance. Active Learning, by determining an order for labeling the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Moitreya Chatterjee , Anton Leuski

Supervised Deep Learning has been highly successful in recent years, achieving state-of-the-art results in most tasks. However, with the ongoing uptake of such methods in industrial applications, the requirement for large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Francesco Caliva , Mark Swainson , Kjartan Gudmundsson , Georgios Leontidis , Stefanos Kollias

Landmark correspondences are a widely used type of gold standard in image registration. However, the manual placement of corresponding points is subject to high inter-user variability in the chosen annotated locations and in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Loic Peter , Daniel C. Alexander , Caroline Magnain , Juan Eugenio Iglesias

Generalization is an important attribute of machine learning models, particularly for those that are to be deployed in a medical context, where unreliable predictions can have real world consequences. While the failure of models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Brennan Nichyporuk , Jillian Cardinell , Justin Szeto , Raghav Mehta , Jean-Pierre R. Falet , Douglas L. Arnold , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Tal Arbel

Facial analysis models are increasingly applied in real-world applications that have significant impact on peoples' lives. However, as literature has shown, models that automatically classify facial attributes might exhibit algorithmic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Camila Kolling , Victor Araujo , Adriano Veloso , Soraia Raupp Musse

Data is the engine of modern computer vision, which necessitates collecting large-scale datasets. This is expensive, and guaranteeing the quality of the labels is a major challenge. In this paper, we investigate efficient annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yuan-Hong Liao , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Language model heavily depends on high-quality data for optimal performance. Existing approaches rely on manually designed heuristics, the perplexity of existing models, training classifiers, or careful prompt engineering, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honglin Guo , Kai Lv , Qipeng Guo , Tianyi Liang , Zhiheng Xi , Demin Song , Qiuyinzhe Zhang , Yu Sun , Kai Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Tao Gui

This paper presents an analysis of annotation using an automatic pre-annotation for a mid-level annotation complexity task -- dependency syntax annotation. It compares the annotation efforts made by annotators using a pre-annotated version…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Marie Mikulová , Milan Straka , Jan Štěpánek , Barbora Štěpánková , Jan Hajič

Human-annotated preference data play an important role in aligning large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we study two connected questions: how to monitor the quality of human preference annotators and how to incentivize them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shang Liu , Hanzhao Wang , Zhongyao Ma , Xiaocheng Li

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) is a practical and challenging open-world task that aims to recognize both known and novel categories in unlabeled data using limited labeled data from known categories. Due to the lack of supervision,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Henry Peng Zou , Siffi Singh , Yi Nian , Jianfeng He , Jason Cai , Saab Mansour , Hang Su

Pre-trained vision-language models learn massive data to model unified representations of images and natural languages, which can be widely applied to downstream machine learning tasks. In addition to zero-shot inference, in order to better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Qian-Wei Wang , Yuqiu Xie , Letian Zhang , Zimo Liu , Shu-Tao Xia

Advancements in clinical treatment are increasingly constrained by the limitations of supervised learning techniques, which depend heavily on large volumes of annotated data. The annotation process is not only costly but also demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Pranav Singh , Raviteja Chukkapalli , Shravan Chaudhari , Luoyao Chen , Mei Chen , Jinqian Pan , Craig Smuda , Jacopo Cirrone