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Bilevel optimization problems are receiving increasing attention in machine learning as they provide a natural framework for hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. A key step to tackle these problems is the efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo

There hardly exists a general solver that is efficient for scheduling problems due to their diversity and complexity. In this study, we develop a two-stage framework, in which reinforcement learning (RL) and traditional operations research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Yongming He , Guohua Wu , Yingwu Chen , Witold Pedrycz

Hyperparameter optimization in machine learning is often achieved using naive techniques that only lead to an approximate set of hyperparameters. Although techniques such as Bayesian optimization perform an intelligent search on a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ankur Sinha , Satender Gunwal , Shivam Kumar

In this paper, we focus on simple bilevel optimization problems, where we minimize a convex smooth objective function over the optimal solution set of another convex smooth constrained optimization problem. We present a novel bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-03 Jincheng Cao , Ruichen Jiang , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Aryan Mokhtari

Although application examples of multilevel optimization have already been discussed since the 1990s, the development of solution methods was almost limited to bilevel cases due to the difficulty of the problem. In recent years, in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Ryo Sato , Mirai Tanaka , Akiko Takeda

In machine learning, the goal of multi-task learning (MTL) is to optimize multiple objectives together. Recent works, for example, Multiple Gradient Descent Algorithm (MGDA) and its variants, show promising results with dynamically adjusted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xuxing Chen , Yun He , Jiayi Xu , Minhui Huang , Xiaoyi Liu , Boyang Liu , Fei Tian , Xiaohan Wei , Rong Jin , Sem Park , Bo Long , Xue Feng

Bilevel optimization is a hierarchical framework where an upper-level optimization problem is constrained by a lower-level problem, commonly used in machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization. Existing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuman Wu , Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel optimization has arisen as a powerful tool for many machine learning problems such as meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and reinforcement learning. In this paper, we investigate the nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Kaiyi Ji , Junjie Yang , Yingbin Liang

Continual learning (CL) presents a fundamental challenge in training neural networks on sequential tasks without experiencing catastrophic forgetting. Traditionally, the dominant approach in CL has been gradient-based optimization, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Grzegorz Rypeść

Bilevel optimization has been developed for many machine learning tasks with large-scale and high-dimensional data. This paper considers a constrained bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level optimization problem is convex with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

This study explores the combination of automated machine learning (AutoML) with model-based deep unfolding (DU) for optimizing wireless beamforming and waveforms. We convert the iterative proximal gradient descent (PGD) algorithm into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ahmet Kaplan

As generative models become increasingly powerful and pervasive, the ability to unlearn specific data, whether due to privacy concerns, legal requirements, or the correction of harmful content, has become increasingly important. Unlike in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Pinak Mandal , Georg A. Gottwald

Bilevel optimization has shown its utility across various machine learning settings, yet most algorithms in practice require second-order information, making it challenging to scale them up. Only recently, a paradigm of first-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Pan , Dylan Zhang , Hanning Zhang , Xingyuan Pan , Minrui Xu , Jipeng Zhang , Renjie Pi , Xiaoyu Wang , Tong Zhang

Optimization problems aim to find the optimal solution, which is becoming increasingly complex and difficult to solve. Traditional evolutionary optimization methods always overlook the granular characteristics of solution space. In the real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shuyin Xia , Xinyu Lin , Guan Wang , De-Gang Chen , Sen Zhao , Guoyin Wang , Jing Liang

This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning algorithm for generation bidding decisions and unit maintenance scheduling in a competitive electricity market environment. In this problem, each unit aims to find a bidding strategy that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Pegah Rokhforoz , Olga Fink

Online Internet platforms require sophisticated marketing strategies to optimize user retention and platform revenue -- a classical resource allocation problem. Traditional solutions adopt a two-stage pipeline: machine learning (ML) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shuli Zhang , Hao Zhou , Jiaqi Zheng , Guibin Jiang , Bing Cheng , Wei Lin , Guihai Chen

The deployment of quantized neural networks on edge devices, combined with privacy regulations like GDPR, creates an urgent need for machine unlearning in quantized models. However, existing methods face critical challenges: they induce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tian Zhang , Yujia Tong , Junhao Dong , Ke Xu , Yuze Wang , Jingling Yuan

Bilevel optimization is a fundamental tool in hierarchical decision-making and has been widely applied to machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter tuning, meta-learning, and continual learning. While significant progress has been made…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Nazanin Abolfazli , Sina Sharifi , Mahyar Fazlyab , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

Black-box algorithms are designed to optimize functions without relying on their underlying analytical structure or gradient information, making them essential when gradients are inaccessible or difficult to compute. Traditional methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yedidya Kfir , Elad Sarafian , Sarit Kraus , Yoram Louzoun

Topology Optimization (TO), which maximizes structural robustness under material weight constraints, is becoming an essential step for the automatic design of mechanical parts. However, existing TO algorithms use the Finite Element Analysis…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Zherong Pan , Xifeng Gao , Kui Wu