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Item-to-Item (I2I) recommendation models are widely used in real-world systems due to their scalability, real-time capabilities, and high recommendation quality. Research to enhance I2I performance focuses on two directions: 1)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yinfu Feng , Yanjing Wu , Rong Xiao , Xiaoyi Zen

Instruction tuning has emerged as a critical paradigm for improving the capabilities and alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, existing iterative model-aware data selection methods incur significant computational overhead, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiaotian Lin , Yanlin Qi , Yizhang Zhu , Themis Palpanas , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is having an growing impact on the climate due to the substantial energy required for their deployment and use. To create awareness for developers who are implementing LLMs in their products,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 K. Pronk , Q. Zhao

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive generation by enabling parallel token prediction. However, practical dLLM decoding still suffers from high inference latency, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenbang Du , Kejing Xia , Xinrui Zhong , Yonggan Fu , Nicolai Oswald , Binfei Ji , Brucek Khailany , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Lin

Large Language Models~(LLMs) struggle with providing current information due to the outdated pre-training data. Existing methods for updating LLMs, such as knowledge editing and continual fine-tuning, have significant drawbacks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Pengfei Yu , Heng Ji

Large Language Model (LLM) leaderboards based on benchmark rankings are regularly used to guide practitioners in model selection. Often, the published leaderboard rankings are taken at face value - we show this is a (potentially costly)…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar

Benchmark Data Contamination (BDC)-the inclusion of benchmark testing samples in the training set-has raised increasing concerns in Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation, leading to falsely inflated performance estimates and undermining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yifan Sun , Han Wang , Dongbai Li , Gang Wang , Huan Zhang

While large language models have achieved remarkable performance on various code generation benchmarks, there have been growing concerns regarding potential contamination of these benchmarks as they may be leaked into pretraining and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Martin Riddell , Ansong Ni , Arman Cohan

Large language models (LLMs) show early signs of artificial general intelligence but struggle with hallucinations. One promising solution to mitigate these hallucinations is to store external knowledge as embeddings, aiding LLMs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Zhihao Zhu , Ninglu Shao , Defu Lian , Chenwang Wu , Zheng Liu , Yi Yang , Enhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for temporal prediction, but their reliance on pretraining data raises contamination concerns, as accurate predictions on pre-cutoff test data may reflect memorization rather than reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xin Gao , Ruiyi Zhang , Daniel Du , Saurabh Mahindre , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Victoria Smith , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carolyn Ashurst , Adrian Weller

Despite their remarkable abilities in various tasks, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with real-time information (e.g., new facts and terms) due to the knowledge cutoff in their development process. However, existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Data contamination -- the accidental consumption of evaluation examples within the pre-training data -- can undermine the validity of evaluation benchmarks. In this paper, we present a rigorous analysis of the effects of contamination on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Muhammed Yusuf Kocyigit , Eleftheria Briakou , Daniel Deutsch , Jiaming Luo , Colin Cherry , Markus Freitag

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

Compressing Large Language Models (LLMs) often leads to reduced performance, especially for knowledge-intensive tasks. In this work, we dive into how compression damages LLMs' inherent knowledge and the possible remedies. We start by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Duc N. M Hoang , Minsik Cho , Thomas Merth , Mohammad Rastegari , Zhangyang Wang

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly gaining enormous popularity in recent years. However, the training of LLMs has raised significant privacy and legal concerns, particularly regarding the distillation and inclusion of copyrighted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Yinpeng Cai , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide variety of natural language tasks; however, their large size makes their inference slow and computationally expensive. Focusing on this problem, we propose to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Neeraj Varshney , Agneet Chatterjee , Mihir Parmar , Chitta Baral
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