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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been achieving competent performance on a wide range of downstream tasks, yet existing work shows that inference on structured data is challenging for LLMs. This is because LLMs need to either understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen

The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly trained on datasets consisting of fixed-length token sequences. These datasets are created by randomly concatenating documents of various lengths and then chunking them into sequences of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Hadi Pouransari , Chun-Liang Li , Jen-Hao Rick Chang , Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Cem Koc , Vaishaal Shankar , Oncel Tuzel

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) elevates inference costs and compounds substantial deployment barriers. While quantization to 8 or 4 bits mitigates this, sub-3-bit methods face severe accuracy, scalability, and efficiency…

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but face critical deployment challenges in device-edge systems due to resource limitations and communication overhead. To address these issues, collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Jiahong Ning , Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

Large language model (LLM) driven synthetic data generation has emerged as a powerful method for improving model reasoning capabilities. However, most methods either distill large state-of-the-art models into small students or use natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Alex Havrilla , Edward Hughes , Mikayel Samvelyan , Jacob Abernethy

Large-scale recommendation models are currently the dominant workload for many large Internet companies. These recommenders are characterized by massive embedding tables that are sparsely accessed by the index for user and item features.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yang Zhou , Zhen Dong , Ellick Chan , Dhiraj Kalamkar , Diana Marculescu , Kurt Keutzer

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Recently, transformer-based language models such as BERT have shown tremendous performance improvement for a range of natural language processing tasks. However, these language models usually are computation expensive and memory intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Jing Jin , Cai Liang , Tiancheng Wu , Liqin Zou , Zhiliang Gan

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile platforms faces significant challenges due to the limited memory and shared computational resources of the device. Resource availability may be an issue as it is directly impacted by the…

Traditional post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an effective approach to reduce model size and accelerate inference of large-scale language models (LLMs). However, existing low-rank PTQ methods require costly fine-tuning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Hongyaoxing Gul , Lijuan Hu , Shuzi Niu , Fangfang Liu

The exponential growth in Large Language Model (LLM) deployment has intensified the need for efficient model compression techniques to reduce computational and memory costs. While pruning and quantization have shown promise, their combined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Stanislas Laborde , Martin Cousseau , Antoun Yaacoub , Lionel Prevost

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge, particularly in contexts where computational resources are limited. Traditional attention mechanisms in these models, while powerful, require significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way we think about language understanding and generation, enthralling both researchers and developers. However, deploying LLMs for inference has been a significant challenge due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Dibakar Gope , David Mansell , Danny Loh , Ian Bratt

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks due to large training datasets and powerful transformer architecture. However, the reliability of responses from LLMs remains a question.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Tiejin Chen , Xiaoou Liu , Longchao Da , Jia Chen , Vagelis Papalexakis , Hua Wei

The dominance of large decoder-only language models has overshadowed encoder-decoder architectures, despite their fundamental efficiency advantages in sequence processing. For small language models (SLMs) - those with 1 billion parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Mohamed Elfeki , Rui Liu , Chad Voegele

We investigate the performance of large language models on repetitive deterministic prediction tasks and study how the sequence accuracy rate scales with output length. Each such task involves repeating the same operation n times. Examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wanda Hou , Leon Zhou , Hong-Ye Hu , Yubei Chen , Yi-Zhuang You , Xiao-Liang Qi