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Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to support various decision-making tasks, assisting humans in making informed decisions. However, when LLMs confidently provide incorrect information, it can lead humans to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chaeyun Jang , Deukhwan Cho , Seanie Lee , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

The retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables retrieval of relevant information from an external knowledge source and allows large language models (LLMs) to answer queries over previously unseen document collections. However, it was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Mykhailo Poliakov , Nadiya Shvai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge during generation. However, the effectiveness of RAG depends not only on the design of the retriever and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xudong Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Qigan Sun , Zhenzhen Huang , Chang Lu , Sheng Zheng , Zeyu Ma , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven its effectiveness in alleviating hallucinations for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing automated evaluation metrics cannot fairly evaluate the outputs generated by RAG models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shuliang Liu , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Cheng Yang , Zheni Zeng , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Ge Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks such as those from medical domain. However, the sensitive nature of the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Chien Van Nguyen , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Multi-entity question answering (MEQA) poses significant challenges for large language models (LLMs), which often struggle to consolidate scattered information across multiple documents. An example question might be "What is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success due to their exceptional generative capabilities. Despite their success, they also have inherent limitations such as a lack of up-to-date knowledge and hallucination.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Wei Zou , Runpeng Geng , Binghui Wang , Jinyuan Jia

Biomedical retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) often face evidence that is incomplete, misleading, or internally contradictory, yet evaluation usually emphasizes answer accuracy under helpful context rather than reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yikun Han , Mengfei Lan , Halil Kilicoglu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by outdated information and a tendency to generate incorrect data, commonly referred to as "hallucinations." Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses these limitations by combining the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jiaqi Xue , Mengxin Zheng , Yebowen Hu , Fei Liu , Xun Chen , Qian Lou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a key approach to mitigating the temporal staleness of large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses in up-to-date evidence. Within the RAG pipeline, re-rankers play a pivotal role in selecting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sohyun An , Hayeon Lee , Shuibenyang Yuan , Chun-cheng Jason Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Vijai Mohan , Alexander Min

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a cost-effective approach to injecting real-time knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, constructing and validating high-quality knowledge repositories require considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu li , Sensen Zhang , Shichao Song , Hanyu Wang , Jiawei Yang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Chenyang Xi

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but often produce inaccurate responses, as they rely solely on their embedded knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating an external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Divyanshu Kumar , Jatan Loya , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs)-such as factual errors, outdated knowledge, and hallucinations-by dynamically retrieving external information. Recent work extends this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Stephen Y. Liu , Haizhou Li

Knowledge gaps and hallucinations are persistent challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs), which generate unreliable responses when lacking the necessary information to fulfill user instructions. Existing approaches, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Riccardo Pozzi , Matteo Palmonari , Andrea Coletta , Luigi Bellomarini , Jens Lehmann , Sahar Vahdati

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the landscape of medicine, yet two fundamental challenges persist: keeping up with rapidly evolving medical knowledge and providing verifiable, evidence-grounded reasoning. Retrieval-augmented…

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating multimodal data (text, images, videos) into retrieval and generation processes, overcoming the limitations of text-only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lang Mei , Siyu Mo , Zhihan Yang , Chong Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by providing access to external knowledge. However, current research primarily focuses on retrieval quality, often overlooking the critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

The question-answering system for Life science research, which is characterized by the rapid pace of discovery, evolving insights, and complex interactions among knowledge entities, presents unique challenges in maintaining a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Chengrui Wang , Qingqing Long , Meng Xiao , Xunxin Cai , Chengjun Wu , Zhen Meng , Xuezhi Wang , Yuanchun Zhou
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