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Safe reinforcement learning (RL) focuses on training reward-maximizing agents subject to pre-defined safety constraints. Yet, learning versatile safe policies that can adapt to varying safety constraint requirements during deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yihang Yao , Zuxin Liu , Zhepeng Cen , Jiacheng Zhu , Wenhao Yu , Tingnan Zhang , Ding Zhao

Autonomous navigation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) that is safe and compliant with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) remains a formidable challenge in dynamic maritime environments, particularly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuhang Zhang , Shuqi Chai , Yukang Zhang , Liusha Yang , Mingchuan Zhang , Wei Wang , Qingjiang Shi , Quanbo Ge

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in control tasks but faces significant challenges in real-world applications, primarily due to the absence of safety guarantees during the learning process. Existing methods often struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Donghe Chen , Han Wang , Lin Cheng , Shengping Gong

For real-world navigation, it is important to endow robots with the capabilities to navigate safely and efficiently in a complex environment with both dynamic and non-convex static obstacles. However, achieving path-finding in non-convex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Jianmin Qin , Jiahu Qin , Jiaxin Qiu , Qingchen Liu , Man Li , Qichao Ma

This paper presents a safety-critical reinforcement learning framework for nonlinear dynamical systems with continuous state and input spaces operating under explicit physical constraints. Hard safety constraints are enforced independently…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 Hossein Rastgoftar

Lifelong learning is critical for embodied agents in open-world environments, where reinforcement learning fine-tuning has emerged as an important paradigm to enable Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to master dexterous manipulation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qixin Zeng , Shuo Zhang , Hongyin Zhang , Renjie Wang , Han Zhao , Libang Zhao , Runze Li , Donglin Wang , Chao Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is effective in many robotic applications, but it requires extensive exploration of the state-action space, during which behaviors can be unsafe. This significantly limits its applicability to large robots with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Mehdi Heydari Shahna , Pauli Mustalahti , Jouni Mattila

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising optimal control technique for multi-energy management systems. It does not require a model a priori - reducing the upfront and ongoing project-specific engineering effort and is capable of learning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-02 Glenn Ceusters , Luis Ramirez Camargo , Rüdiger Franke , Ann Nowé , Maarten Messagie

Vanilla Reinforcement Learning (RL) can efficiently solve complex tasks but does not provide any guarantees on system behavior. To bridge this gap, we propose a three-step safe RL procedure for continuous action spaces that provides…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Hanna Krasowski , Prithvi Akella , Aaron D. Ames , Matthias Althoff

Deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for robotics applications in the real world requires ensuring the safety of the robot and its environment. Safe Robot RL (SRRL) is a crucial step towards achieving human-robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Shangding Gu , Alap Kshirsagar , Yali Du , Guang Chen , Jan Peters , Alois Knoll

Robotic systems are increasingly employed for industrial automation, with contact-rich tasks like polishing requiring dexterity and compliant behaviour. These tasks are difficult to model, making classical control challenging. Deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Emma Cramer , Lukas Jäschke , Sebastian Trimpe

Off-road navigation on vertically challenging terrain, involving steep slopes and rugged boulders, presents significant challenges for wheeled robots both at the planning level to achieve smooth collision-free trajectories and at the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Tong Xu , Chenhui Pan , Xuesu Xiao

Modern approaches to autonomous driving rely heavily on learned components trained with large amounts of human driving data via imitation learning. However, these methods require large amounts of expensive data collection and even then face…

Current reinforcement learning (RL) in robotics often experiences difficulty in generalizing to new downstream tasks due to the innate task-specific training paradigm. To alleviate it, unsupervised RL, a framework that pre-trains the agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Daesol Cho , Jigang Kim , H. Jin Kim

When using reinforcement learning (RL) for contact-rich robotic manipulation, vision can provide task-relevant information that accelerates learning beyond what proprioception alone can achieve. However, vision-enabled policies tend to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Victor Kowalski , Chengxi Li , Dongheui Lee

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for robotic manipulation. Despite substantial progress enabled by large-scale pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT), these models face two fundamental…

This study proposes a safe and sample-efficient reinforcement learning (RL) framework to address two major challenges in developing applicable RL algorithms: satisfying safety constraints and efficiently learning with limited samples. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hongyi Chen , Changliu Liu

Robots are increasingly being deployed not only in workplaces but also in households. Effectively execute of manipulation tasks by robots relies on variable impedance control with contact forces. Furthermore, robots should possess adaptive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yu Zhang , Long Cheng , Xiuze Xia , Haoyu Zhang

This letter presents contact-safe Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) for robot applications that achieves contact-safe behaviors in the learning process. In typical MBRL, we cannot expect the data-driven model to generate accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Cheng-Yu Kuo , Andreas Schaarschmidt , Yunduan Cui , Tamim Asfour , Takamitsu Matsubara

As safety violations can lead to severe consequences in real-world robotic applications, the increasing deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in robotic domains has propelled the study of safe exploration for reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo