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Modeling plausible student misconceptions is critical for AI in education. In this work, we examine how large language models (LLMs) reason about misconceptions when generating multiple-choice distractors, a task that requires modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yanick Zengaffinen , Andreas Opedal , Donya Rooein , Kv Aditya Srivatsa , Shashank Sonkar , Mrinmaya Sachan

Answer triggering is the task of selecting the best-suited answer for a given question from a set of candidate answers if exists. In this paper, we present a hybrid deep learning model for answer triggering, which combines several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Deepak Gupta , Sarah Kohail , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have emerged as invaluable resources for enriching recommendation systems by providing a wealth of factual information and capturing semantic relationships among items. Leveraging KGs can significantly enhance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yangqin Jiang , Yuhao Yang , Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

The data imbalance problem is a frequent bottleneck in the classification performance of neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised discriminative feature generation (DFG) method for a minority class dataset. DFG is based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Sungho Suh , Paul Lukowicz , Yong Oh Lee

Question Generation is the task of automatically creating questions from textual input. In this work we present a new Attentional Encoder--Decoder Recurrent Neural Network model for automatic question generation. Our model incorporates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Vrindavan Harrison , Marilyn Walker

This paper introduces DualReward, a novel reinforcement learning framework for automatic distractor generation in cloze tests. Unlike conventional approaches that rely primarily on supervised learning or static generative models, our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tianyou Huang , Xinglu Chen , Jingshen Zhang , Xinying Qiu , Ruiying Niu

Most of the existing works for dialogue generation are data-driven models trained directly on corpora crawled from websites. They mainly focus on improving the model architecture to produce better responses but pay little attention to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xin Li , Piji Li , Yan Wang , Xiaojiang Liu , Wai Lam

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated its ability to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources. However, multi-hop questions, which require the identification of multiple knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuchen Yan , Peiyan Zhang , Zhihua Liu , Hao Wang , Yatao Bian , Weiming Li , Xiaoshuai Hao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective approach for addressing question answering (QA) tasks. However, the imperfections of the retrievers in RAG models often result in the retrieval of irrelevant information, which could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jinyuan Fang , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Generating high-quality MCQs, especially those targeting diverse cognitive levels and incorporating common misconceptions into distractor design, is time-consuming and expertise-intensive, making manual creation impractical at scale.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nicy Scaria , Silvester John Joseph Kennedy , Diksha Seth , Ananya Thakur , Deepak Subramani

Retrieval-augmented generation resorts to content retrieved from external sources in order to leverage the performance of large language models in downstream tasks. The excessive volume of retrieved content, the possible dispersion of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 João Rodrigues , António Branco

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate distractors for multiple-choice questions (MCQs), especially in domains like math education. However, existing approaches are limited in ensuring that the generated distractors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Nisarg Parikh , Nigel Fernandez , Alexander Scarlatos , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a cost-effective approach to injecting real-time knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, constructing and validating high-quality knowledge repositories require considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu li , Sensen Zhang , Shichao Song , Hanyu Wang , Jiawei Yang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Chenyang Xi

Abductive reasoning is the process of making educated guesses to provide explanations for observations. Although many applications require the use of knowledge for explanations, the utilization of abductive reasoning in conjunction with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiaxin Bai , Yicheng Wang , Tianshi Zheng , Yue Guo , Xin Liu , Yangqiu Song

Question generation (QG) attempts to solve the inverse of question answering (QA) problem by generating a natural language question given a document and an answer. While sequence to sequence neural models surpass rule-based systems for QG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Deepak Gupta , Hardik Chauhan , Akella Ravi Tej , Asif Ekbal , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Effective cross-lingual dense retrieval methods that rely on multilingual pre-trained language models (PLMs) need to be trained to encompass both the relevance matching task and the cross-language alignment task. However, cross-lingual data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Shengyao Zhuang , Linjun Shou , Guido Zuccon

Extracting appropriate features to represent a corpus is an important task for textual mining. Previous attention based work usually enhance feature at the lexical level, which lacks the exploration of feature augmentation at the sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Longxuan Ma , Pengfei Wang , Lei Zhang

We study multi-turn response generation for open-domain dialogues. The existing state-of-the-art addresses the problem with deep neural architectures. While these models improved response quality, their complexity also hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Yufan Zhao , Can Xu , Wei Wu , Lei Yu

Diffusion models have demonstrated impressive performance in text-to-image generation. They utilize a text encoder and cross-attention blocks to infuse textual information into images at a pixel level. However, their capability to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Luping Liu , Zijian Zhang , Yi Ren , Rongjie Huang , Xiang Yin , Zhou Zhao