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Decoder-based transformers, while revolutionizing language modeling and scaling to immense sizes, have not completely overtaken encoder-heavy architectures in natural language processing. Specifically, encoder-only models remain dominant in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Paul Suganthan , Fedor Moiseev , Le Yan , Junru Wu , Jianmo Ni , Jay Han , Imed Zitouni , Enrique Alfonseca , Xuanhui Wang , Zhe Dong

While large language models are primarily used on natural language tasks, they have also shown great promise when adapted to new modalities, e.g., for scientific machine learning tasks. Most proposed approaches for such cross-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Paloma García-de-Herreros , Philipp Slusallek , Dietrich Klakow , Vagrant Gautam

State-of-the-art multilingual machine translation relies on a universal encoder-decoder, which requires retraining the entire system to add new languages. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach that is based on language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-jussà , José A. R. Fonollosa , Mikel Artetxe

While pretrained encoders have achieved success in various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, there is a gap between these pretrained encoders and natural language generation (NLG). NLG tasks are often based on the encoder-decoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Shuming Ma , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Alexandre Muzio , Saksham Singhal , Hany Hassan Awadalla , Xia Song , Furu Wei

Recent studies have showcased remarkable capabilities of decoder-only models in many NLP tasks, including translation. Yet, the machine translation field has been largely dominated by encoder-decoder models based on the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Gaëtan Caillaut , Raheel Qader , Mariam Nakhlé , Jingshu Liu , Jean-Gabriel Barthélemy

The field of neural machine translation (NMT) has changed with the advent of large language models (LLMs). Much of the recent emphasis in natural language processing (NLP) has been on modeling machine translation and many other problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yingfeng Luo , Tong Zheng , Yongyu Mu , Bei Li , Qinghong Zhang , Yongqi Gao , Ziqiang Xu , Peinan Feng , Xiaoqian Liu , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Neural machine translation (NMT) typically adopts the encoder-decoder framework. A good understanding of the characteristics and functionalities of the encoder and decoder can help to explain the pros and cons of the framework, and design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Tianyu He , Xu Tan , Tao Qin

This project, titled "Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Decoder-only vs. Encoder-Decoder," aims to develop a multilingual machine translation (MT) model. Focused on Indian regional languages, especially Telugu, Tamil, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Abhinav P. M. , SujayKumar Reddy M , Oswald Christopher

This paper investigates the optimal use of the multilingual encoder model mDeBERTa for tasks in three Germanic languages -- German, Swedish, and Icelandic -- representing varying levels of presence and likely data quality in mDeBERTas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Romina Oji , Jenny Kunz

State-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models are trained on massive training corpora, and report a superlative performance on evaluation datasets. This survey delves into an important attribute of these datasets: the dialect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aditya Joshi , Raj Dabre , Diptesh Kanojia , Zhuang Li , Haolan Zhan , Gholamreza Haffari , Doris Dippold

Decoding methods play an indispensable role in converting language models from next-token predictors into practical task solvers. Prior research on decoding methods, primarily focusing on task-specific models, may not extend to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chufan Shi , Haoran Yang , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Yifan Wang , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

With the recent explosion in popularity of voice assistant devices, there is a growing interest in making them available to user populations in additional countries and languages. However, to provide the highest accuracy and best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Lizhen Tan , Olga Golovneva

While multilingual training is now an essential ingredient in machine translation (MT) systems, recent work has demonstrated that it has different effects in different multilingual settings, such as many-to-one, one-to-many, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Ting-Rui Chiang , Yi-Pei Chen , Yi-Ting Yeh , Graham Neubig

Neural encoder-decoder models of machine translation have achieved impressive results, while learning linguistic knowledge of both the source and target languages in an implicit end-to-end manner. We propose a framework in which our model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Eliyahu Kiperwasser , Miguel Ballesteros

Standard methods for multi-label text classification largely rely on encoder-only pre-trained language models, whereas encoder-decoder models have proven more effective in other classification tasks. In this study, we compare four methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yova Kementchedjhieva , Ilias Chalkidis

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) can process many languages, yet how they internally represent this diversity remains unclear. Do they form shared multilingual representations with language-specific decoding, and if so, why does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abir Harrasse , Florent Draye , Punya Syon Pandey , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

Predicting the next utterance in dialogue is contingent on encoding of users' input text to generate appropriate and relevant response in data-driven approaches. Although the semantic and syntactic quality of the language generated is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Joelle Pineau , Sarath Chandar

Multimodal retrieval systems typically employ Vision Language Models (VLMs) that encode images and text independently into vectors within a shared embedding space. Despite incorporating text encoders, VLMs consistently underperform…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xinyuan Zhang , Lina Zhang , Lisung Chen , Guangyao Liu , Shuai Nie , Jiaming Xu , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang , Guoquan Zhang

Code-switching is the use of more than one language in the same conversation or utterance. Recently, multilingual contextual embedding models, trained on multiple monolingual corpora, have shown promising results on cross-lingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Simran Khanuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Anirudh Srinivasan , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

In encoder-decoder neural models, multiple encoders are in general used to represent the contextual information in addition to the individual sentence. In this paper, we investigate multi-encoder approaches in documentlevel neural machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Bei Li , Hui Liu , Ziyang Wang , Yufan Jiang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Tongran Liu , Changliang Li
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