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To optimize the reasoning and problem-solving capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), we propose a novel cloud-edge collaborative architecture that enables a structured multi-agent prompting framework. This framework comprises three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shadikur Rahman , Aroosa Hameed , Gautam Srivastava , Syed Muhammad Danish

The powerfulness of LLMs indicates that deploying various LLMs with different scales and architectures on end, edge, and cloud to satisfy different requirements and adaptive heterogeneous hardware is the critical way to achieve ubiquitous…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ning Li , Song Guo , Tuo Zhang , Muqing Li , Zicong Hong , Qihua Zhou , Xin Yuan , Haijun Zhang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have achieved great success by significantly improving performance while maintaining computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, their enormous parameter sizes and memory demands pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zukang Xu , Zhixiong Zhao , Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-time applications such as autonomous driving and human-computer interaction, which demand fast and reliable responses based on accurate perception. To meet these requirements,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chen Qian , Xinran Yu , Zewen Huang , Danyang Li , Qiang Ma , Fan Dang , Xuan Ding , Guangyong Shang , Zheng Yang

Large language models (LLMs), which have shown remarkable capabilities, are revolutionizing AI development and potentially shaping our future. However, given their multimodality, the status quo cloud-based deployment faces some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zheng Lin , Guanqiao Qu , Qiyuan Chen , Xianhao Chen , Zhe Chen , Kaibin Huang

Running Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is constrained by high compute and memory demands posing a barrier for real-time applications in sectors like healthcare, education, and embedded systems. Current solutions such as…

Large Language Models are increasingly being deployed in datacenters. Serving these models requires careful memory management, as their memory usage includes static weights, dynamic activations, and key-value caches. While static weights…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiale Xu , Rui Zhang , Yi Xiong , Cong Guo , Zihan Liu , Yangjie Zhou , Weiming Hu , Hao Wu , Changxu Shao , Ziqing Wang , Yongjie Yuan , Junping Zhao , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has driven the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures as a promising solution to scale model capacity while controlling computational costs. However, deploying MoE models in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Muqing Li , Ning Li , Xin Yuan , Wenchao Xu , Quan Chen , Song Guo , Haijun Zhang

In the context of the rapidly evolving information technology landscape, marked by the advent of 6G communication networks, we face an increased data volume and complexity in network environments. This paper addresses these challenges by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Chengzhuo Han

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

Large Language Models (LLM) and foundation models are popular as they offer new opportunities for individuals and businesses to improve natural language processing, interact with data, and retrieve information faster. However, training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Herbert Woisetschläger , Alexander Isenko , Shiqiang Wang , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

With the proliferation of edge devices, there is a significant increase in attack surface on these devices. The decentralized deployment of threat intelligence on edge devices, coupled with adaptive machine learning techniques such as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Syed Mhamudul Hasan , Alaa M. Alotaibi , Sajedul Talukder , Abdur R. Shahid

Large language models (LLMs) have seen rapid improvement in the recent years, and have been used in a wider range of applications. After being trained on large text corpus, LLMs obtain the capability of extracting rich features from textual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Huiying Liu , Zekun Zhang , Honghao Li , Qilin Wu , Yiwen Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing and content generation. However, current LLMs heavily rely on cloud computing, leading to prolonged latency, high bandwidth cost, and privacy concerns.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mingjin Zhang , Jiannong Cao , Xiaoming Shen , Zeyang Cui

With the widespread application of edge computing and cloud systems in AI-driven applications, how to maintain efficient performance while ensuring data privacy has become an urgent security issue. This paper proposes a federated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Huaiying Luo , Cheng Ji

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal comprehension capabilities and are being deployed in an increasing number of online video understanding applications. While recent efforts extensively explore advancing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shengyuan Ye , Bei Ouyang , Tianyi Qian , Liekang Zeng , Mu Yuan , Xiaowen Chu , Weijie Hong , Xu Chen

Serving large language models (LLMs) for massive users is challenged by the significant memory footprint of the transient state, known as the key-value (KV) cache, which scales with sequence length and number of requests. Instead of renting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Liu Qianli , Hong Zicong , Chen Fahao , Li Peng , Guo Song

With a recent trend of using Large Language Models (LLMs) for different applications within smart cities, there is a need for pushing these models toward the edge of network while still preserving their performance. Edge Computing (EC) as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Minoo Hosseinzadeh , Hana Khamfroush

Major bottlenecks of large-scale Federated Learning(FL) networks are the high costs for communication and computation. This is due to the fact that most of current FL frameworks only consider a star network topology where all local trained…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Thinh Quang Dinh , Diep N. Nguyen , Dinh Thai Hoang , Pham Tran Vu , Eryk Dutkiewicz

Vision-language models (VLMs) integrate visual and textual information, enabling a wide range of applications such as image captioning and visual question answering, making them crucial for modern AI systems. However, their high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Gaurav Shinde , Anuradha Ravi , Emon Dey , Shadman Sakib , Milind Rampure , Nirmalya Roy