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Good large sample performance is typically a minimum requirement of any model selection criterion. This article focuses on the consistency property of the Bayes factor, a commonly used model comparison tool, which has experienced a recent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-04 Siddhartha Chib , Todd A. Kuffner

Models for which the likelihood function can be evaluated only up to a parameter-dependent unknown normalising constant, such as Markov random field models, are used widely in computer science, statistical physics, spatial statistics, and…

Computation · Statistics 2016-02-12 Richard G. Everitt , Adam M. Johansen , Ellen Rowing , Melina Evdemon-Hogan

We study the problem of comparing ageing patterns of the lifetime of k-out-of-n systems. Mathematically, this reduces to being able to decide about a stochastic ordering relationship between different order statistics. We discuss such…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-04 Tommaso Lando , Idir Arab , Paulo Eduardo Oliveira

Bayesian statistics has gained popularity in psychological research due to its intuitive uncertainty quantification and convenient information-updating rules. In many applications, however, prior distributions are introduced merely as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-10 Yang Liu , Jonathan P. Williams , Jan Hannig

The evolution of global income distribution from 1988 to 2018 is analyzed using purchasing power parity exchange rates and well-established statistical distributions. This research proposes the use of two separate distributions to more…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-16 J. D. A. Islas-García , M. del Castillo-Mussot , Marcelo B. Ribeiro

An informative sampling design leads to the selection of units whose inclusion probabilities are correlated with the response variable of interest. Model inference performed on the resulting observed sample will be biased for the population…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-29 Matthew R. Williams , Terrance D. Savitsky

How much more will we learn about single-field inflationary models in the future? We address this question in the context of Bayesian design and information theory. We develop a novel method to compute the expected utility of deciding…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 Robert J. Hardwick , Vincent Vennin , David Wands

A central challenge in statistical inference is the presence of confounding variables that may distort observed associations between treatment and outcome. Conventional "causal" methods, grounded in assumptions such as ignorability, exclude…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-09 Ellis Scharfenaker , Duncan K. Foley

Given a sample of bids from independent auctions, this paper examines the question of inference on auction fundamentals (e.g. valuation distributions, welfare measures) under weak assumptions on information structure. The question is…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-20 Vasilis Syrgkanis , Elie Tamer , Juba Ziani

Polynomial distribution can be applied to dynamical systems in certain situations. Macroeconomic systems characterized by economic variables such as income and wealth can be modelled similarly using polynomials. We extend our previous work…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-03-29 Elvis Oltean

We propose a stochastic model of evolution of wealth in a society of economic agents. In the model, an agent can be in two states: inactive and active. Transitions between the states occur at random time intervals. In the active state, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Indrani Bose , Subhasis Banerjee

This paper proposes a hierarchical Bayesian multitask learning model that is applicable to the general multi-task binary classification learning problem where the model assumes a shared sparsity structure across different tasks. We derive a…

We address an inherent difficulty in welfare-theoretic fair machine learning by proposing an equivalently axiomatically-justified alternative and studying the resulting computational and statistical learning questions. Welfare metrics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Cyrus Cousins

The Bayesian statistical paradigm uses the language of probability to express uncertainty about the phenomena that generate observed data. Probability distributions thus characterize Bayesian analysis, with the rules of probability used to…

Computation · Statistics 2020-12-08 Gael M. Martin , David T. Frazier , Christian P. Robert

While machine learning is rapidly being developed and deployed in health settings such as influenza prediction, there are critical challenges in using data from one environment in another due to variability in features; even within disease…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-10 Vishwali Mhasawade , Nabeel Abdur Rehman , Rumi Chunara

We show that quantum state discrimination sits neatly in the framework of Bayesian experimental design. In this setting, the two main branches of quantum state discrimination (minimal error and maximal confidence) simply correspond to two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-30 Thomas Guff , Yuval R. Sanders , Nathan A. McMahon , Alexei Gilchrist

Probabilistic (Bayesian) modeling has experienced a surge of applications in almost all quantitative sciences and industrial areas. This development is driven by a combination of several factors, including better probabilistic estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-24 Paul-Christian Bürkner , Maximilian Scholz , Stefan T. Radev

This report introduces general ideas and some basic methods of the Bayesian probability theory applied to physics measurements. Our aim is to make the reader familiar, through examples rather than rigorous formalism, with concepts such as:…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-10 G. D'Agostini

Previous likelihood-based linear modeling of nutritional data has been limited by the availability of software that allows flexible error structures in the data. We demonstrate the use of a Bayesian modeling approach to the analysis of such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Andrew Lawson , Daniela Nitcheva

A Bayesian non-parametric framework for studying time-to-event data is proposed, where the prior distribution is allowed to depend on an additional random source, and may update with the sample size. Such scenarios are natural, for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-06 Martin Bladt , Jorge González Cázares