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Legal judgment prediction (LJP) has become increasingly important in the legal field. In this paper, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) have significant problems of insufficient reasoning due to a lack of legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xinyu Yang , Chenlong Deng , Zhicheng Dou

Leveraging outputs from multiple large language models (LLMs) is emerging as a method for harnessing their power across a wide range of tasks while mitigating their capacity for making errors, e.g., hallucinations. However, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ming Pok Ng , Junqi Jiang , Gabriel Freedman , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Existing datasets for relation classification and extraction often exhibit limitations such as restricted relation types and domain-specific biases. This work presents a generic framework to generate well-structured sentences from given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Mansi , Pranshu Pandya , Mahek Bhavesh Vora , Soumya Bharadwaj , Ashish Anand

Legal multi-label classification is a critical task for organizing and accessing the vast amount of legal documentation. Despite its importance, it faces challenges such as the complexity of legal language, intricate label dependencies, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Emily Johnson , Xavier Holt , Noah Wilson

Argumentation skills are an essential toolkit for large language models (LLMs). These skills are crucial in various use cases, including self-reflection, debating collaboratively for diverse answers, and countering hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yamen Ajjour , Carlotta Quensel , Nedim Lipka , Henning Wachsmuth

Legal texts often contain computational legal clauses--provisions whose understanding requires complex logic. While frontier Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) can describe such clauses, building production-ready systems is limited by reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Stanisław Sójka , Witold Kowalczyk

Legal reasoning requires not only the application of legal rules but also an understanding of the context in which those rules operate. However, existing legal benchmarks primarily evaluate rule application under the assumption of fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 JiHyeok Jung , TaeYoung Yoon , HyunSouk Cho

This article analyzes the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as support for the conceptual modeling of relational databases through the automatic generation of Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams from natural language requirements. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Arthur F. Siqueira , Carlos D. S. Nogueira , Eduarda Farias , Claudio E. C. Campelo , Júlia Menezes

Since real-world legal experiments are often costly or infeasible, simulating legal societies with Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems provides an effective alternative for verifying and developing legal theory, as well as supporting legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yiding Wang , Yuxuan Chen , Fanxu Meng , Xifan Chen , Xiaolei Yang , Muhan Zhang

We present a comprehensive evaluation of large language models(LLMs)' ability to reason about composition relations through a benchmark encompassing 1,500 test cases in English, designed to cover six distinct types of composition relations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jinman Zhao , Xueyan Zhang

We propose a novel framework for summarizing structured enterprise data across multiple dimensions using large language model (LLM)-based agents. Traditional table-to-text models often lack the capacity to reason across hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Amit Dhanda

Identifying relevant legal precedents remains challenging, as most retrieval methods emphasize factual similarity over legal issues, and current systems often lack explanations clarifying case relevance. This paper proposes the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vishnuprabha V , Daleesha M Viswanathan , Rajesh R , Aneesh V Pillai

The application of large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable success in various fields, but their effectiveness in specialized domains like the Chinese insurance industry remains underexplored. The complexity of insurance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jing Ding , Kai Feng , Binbin Lin , Jiarui Cai , Qiushi Wang , Yu Xie , Xiaojin Zhang , Zhongyu Wei , Wei Chen

With the proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse domains, there is a particular need for unified evaluation standards in clinical medical scenarios, where models need to be examined very thoroughly. We present CliMedBench,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zetian Ouyang , Yishuai Qiu , Linlin Wang , Gerard de Melo , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Liang He

Driving in compliance with traffic laws and regulations is a basic requirement for human drivers, yet autonomous vehicles (AVs) can violate these requirements in diverse real-world scenarios. To encode law compliance into AV systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bowen Jian , Rongjie Yu , Hong Wang , Liqiang Wang , Zihang Zou

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly propelled progress in natural language processing (NLP). However, their effectiveness in specialized, low-resource domains-such as Arabic legal contexts-remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Adil Bahaj , Mounir Ghogho

With the continuous advancement of large language models (LLMs), it is essential to create new benchmarks to effectively evaluate their expanding capabilities and identify areas for improvement. This work focuses on multi-image reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mehran Kazemi , Nishanth Dikkala , Ankit Anand , Petar Devic , Ishita Dasgupta , Fangyu Liu , Bahare Fatemi , Pranjal Awasthi , Dee Guo , Sreenivas Gollapudi , Ahmed Qureshi

Mathematical problem-solving is a key field in artificial intelligence (AI) and a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While extensive research has focused on mathematical problem-solving, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ziye Chen , Hao Qi

We present a benchmark targeting a novel class of systems: semantic query processing engines. Those systems rely inherently on generative and reasoning capabilities of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs). They extend SQL with…