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Question Answer Generation (QAG) is an effective data augmentation technique to improve the accuracy of question answering systems, especially in low-resource domains. While recent pretrained and large language model-based QAG methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Vikas Yadav , Hyuk Joon Kwon , Vijay Srinivasan , Hongxia Jin

Large language models (LLMs) tend to inadequately integrate input context during text generation, relying excessively on encoded prior knowledge in model parameters, potentially resulting in generated text with factual inconsistencies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zheng Zhao , Emilio Monti , Jens Lehmann , Haytham Assem

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used as general-purpose AI agents showing comparable performance on many downstream tasks. However, existing work shows that it is challenging for LLMs to integrate structured data (e.g. KG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiang Chen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to process long contexts, yet a notable gap remains in generating long, aligned outputs. This limitation stems from a training gap where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Shanghaoran Quan , Tianyi Tang , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Bofei Gao , Jianhong Tu , Yichang Zhang , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

The emergence of synthetic data represents a pivotal shift in modern machine learning, offering a solution to satisfy the need for large volumes of data in domains where real data is scarce, highly private, or difficult to obtain. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Krisztian Balog , John Palowitch , Barbara Ikica , Filip Radlinski , Hamidreza Alvari , Mehdi Manshadi

Question Generation (QG), as a challenging Natural Language Processing task, aims at generating questions based on given answers and context. Existing QG methods mainly focus on building or training models for specific QG datasets. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Wei Yuan , Hongzhi Yin , Tieke He , Tong Chen , Qiufeng Wang , Lizhen Cui

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable text comprehension and generation capabilities but often lack the ability to utilize up-to-date or domain-specific knowledge not included in their training data. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Bo Zhang , Hui Ma , Dailin Li , Jian Ding , Jian Wang , Bo Xu , HongFei Lin

The reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), defined as their ability to analyze, infer, and make decisions based on input information, is essential for building intelligent task-oriented dialogue systems. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yu Zhu , Kai Yang

We introduce context augmentation, a data-augmentation approach that uses large language models (LLMs) to generate contexts around observed strings as a means of facilitating valid frequentist inference. These generated contexts serve to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Marc Ratkovic

Search typically relies on keyword queries, but these are often semantically ambiguous. We propose to overcome this by offering users natural language questions, based on their keyword queries, to disambiguate their intent. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Heng Ding , Krisztian Balog

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources. The increasing capacity of LLMs to process longer input sequences opens up avenues for providing more retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

This study delves into the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging domain of conditional question-answering. Utilizing the Conditional Question Answering (CQA) dataset and focusing on generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Syed-Amad Hussain , Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan

Augmenting LLMs with context leads to improved performance across many applications. Despite much research on Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, an open question is whether errors arise because LLMs fail to utilize the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hailey Joren , Jianyi Zhang , Chun-Sung Ferng , Da-Cheng Juan , Ankur Taly , Cyrus Rashtchian

Pretrained large Language Models (LLMs) are able to answer questions that are unlikely to have been encountered during training. However a diversity of potential applications exist in the broad domain of reasoning systems and considerations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tim Hartill

Long-context modeling is one of the critical capabilities of language AI for digesting and reasoning over complex information pieces. In practice, long-context capabilities are typically built into a pre-trained language model~(LM) through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Luyu Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Jamie Callan

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a notable breakthrough in Natural Language Processing (NLP), contributing to substantial progress in both text comprehension and generation. However, amidst these advancements, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Saurav Pawar , S. M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy , S M Mehedi Zaman , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amitava Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in mathematical problem-solving. However, the transition from providing answers to generating high-quality educational questions presents significant challenges that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chengliang Zhou , Mei Wang , Ting Zhang , Qiannan Zhu , Jian Li , Hua Huang

Automatic question generation (QG) serves a wide range of purposes, such as augmenting question-answering (QA) corpora, enhancing chatbot systems, and developing educational materials. Despite its importance, most existing datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Seonjeong Hwang , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA) over lengthy contexts is a significant challenge. In industrial settings, this process is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, especially when multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiliang Zhu , Shi Zong , David Rossouw
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