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The escalating threat of phishing emails has become increasingly sophisticated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs). As attackers exploit LLMs to craft more convincing and evasive phishing emails, it is crucial to assess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Khalifa Afane , Wenqi Wei , Ying Mao , Junaid Farooq , Juntao Chen

The advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have made them invaluable across various applications, from conversational agents and content creation to data analysis, research, and innovation. However, their effectiveness and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Sayak Saha Roy , Poojitha Thota , Krishna Vamsi Naragam , Shirin Nilizadeh

Peer review is essential for maintaining academic quality, but the increasing volume of submissions places a significant burden on reviewers. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential assistance in this process, yet their susceptibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Tzu-Ling Lin , Wei-Chih Chen , Teng-Fang Hsiao , Hou-I Liu , Ya-Hsin Yeh , Yu Kai Chan , Wen-Sheng Lien , Po-Yen Kuo , Philip S. Yu , Hong-Han Shuai

Spear phishing is a deceptive attack that uses social engineering to obtain confidential information through targeted victimization. It is distinguished by its use of social cues and personalized information to target specific victims.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Ploy Unchit , Sanchari Das , Andrew Kim , L. Jean Camp

Peer review is a critical process for ensuring the integrity of published scientific research. Confidence in this process is predicated on the assumption that experts in the relevant domain give careful consideration to the merits of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Sungduk Yu , Man Luo , Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Spear phishing is a widespread concern in the modern network security landscape, but there are few metrics that measure the extent to which reconnaissance is performed on phishing targets. Spear phishing emails closely match the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Michael C. Kotson , Alexia Schulz

The rapid adoption of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) in offline and enterprise environments has introduced a largely unexamined security risk like susceptibility to adversarial phishing prompts under static safety configurations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Rina Mishra , Gaurav Varshney , Doddipatla Sesha Sahithi

Automated coaching messages for weight control can save time and costs, but their repetitive, generic nature may limit their effectiveness compared to human coaching. Large language model (LLM) based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zhuoran Huang , Michael P. Berry , Christina Chwyl , Gary Hsieh , Jing Wei , Evan M. Forman

Phishing is one of the most prolific cybercriminal activities, with attacks becoming increasingly sophisticated. It is, therefore, imperative to explore novel technologies to improve user protection across both technical and human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Giuseppe Desolda , Francesco Greco , Luca Viganò

The proliferation of phishing sites and emails poses significant challenges to existing cybersecurity efforts. Despite advances in malicious email filters and email security protocols, problems with oversight and false positives persist.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

With the development of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, both their vast applications and potential vulnerabilities have come to the forefront. While developers have integrated multiple safety mechanisms to mitigate their misuse,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xiao Liu , Liangzhi Li , Tong Xiang , Fuying Ye , Lu Wei , Wangyue Li , Noa Garcia

Phishing attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, underscoring the need for detection systems that strike a balance between high accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jikesh Thapa , Gurrehmat Chahal , Serban Voinea Gabreanu , Yazan Otoum

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly regarded as having the potential to generate persuasive content at scale. While previous studies have focused on the risks associated with LLM-generated misinformation, the role of LLMs in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-06 John Caffier , Olga Stavrova , Bennett Kleinberg

With the rapid development of large language models, the potential threat of their malicious use, particularly in generating phishing content, is becoming increasingly prevalent. Leveraging the capabilities of LLMs, malicious users can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yan Pang , Wenlong Meng , Xiaojing Liao , Tianhao Wang

We present an end-to-end demonstration of how attackers can exploit AI safety failures to harm vulnerable populations: from jailbreaking LLMs to generate phishing content, to deploying those messages against real targets, to successfully…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Fred Heiding , Simon Lermen

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to nontrivial improvements in various tasks, including accurate authorship identification of documents. However, while LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Kenneth Alperin , Rohan Leekha , Adaku Uchendu , Trang Nguyen , Srilakshmi Medarametla , Carlos Levya Capote , Seth Aycock , Charlie Dagli

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have established them as agentic systems capable of planning and interacting with various tools. These LLM agents are often paired with web-based tools, enabling access to diverse sources…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hanna Kim , Minkyoo Song , Seung Ho Na , Seungwon Shin , Kimin Lee

Phishing attacks remain one of the most prevalent and persistent cybersecurity threat with attackers continuously evolving and intensifying tactics to evade the general detection system. Despite significant advances in artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shova Kuikel , Aritran Piplai , Palvi Aggarwal

Spear phishing is a complex targeted attack in which, an attacker harvests information about the victim prior to the attack. This information is then used to create sophisticated, genuine-looking attack vectors, drawing the victim to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Prateek Dewan , Anand Kashyap , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru