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In this work we consider time reversal of the increasing geometrical progression of the population of a simple biological species without any enemies (predators) in the appropriate environment with unlimited resources (food, territory,…
The gross domestic product (GDP) is the most widely used indicator in macroeconomics and the main tool for measuring a country's economic output. Due to the diversity and complexity of the world economy, a wide range of models have been…
While worldwide census data provide statistical evidence that firmly link the population density with several indicators of social welfare, the precise mechanisms underlying these observations are largely unknown. Here we study the impact…
Global Climate Models (GCMs) provide forecasts of future climate warming using a wide variety of highly sophisticated anthropogenic CO2 emissions models as input, each based on the evolution of four emissions "drivers": population p,…
Economic growth is measured as the rate of relative change in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Yet, when incomes follow random multiplicative growth, the ensemble-average (GDP per capita) growth rate is higher than the time-average…
The rapid development of sequencing technologies represents new opportunities for population genetics research. It is expected that genomic data will increase our ability to reconstruct the history of populations. While this increase in…
First discovered by L. R. Taylor (1961, Nature), Taylor's Power Law (TPL) correlates the mean (M) population abundances and the corresponding variances (V) across a set of insect populations using a power function (V=aM^b). TPL has…
Population balance framework is a useful tool that can be used to describe size distribution of droplets in a liquid-liquid dispersion. Breakup and coalescence models provide closures for mathematical formulation of the population balance…
Economic growth and the growth of human population in the past 2,000,000 years are extensively examined. Data are found to be in a clear contradiction of the currently accepted explanations of the mechanism of growth, which revolve around…
The growth function of populations is central in biomathematics. The main dogma is the existence of density dependence mechanisms, which can be modelled with distinct functional forms that depend on the size of the population. One important…
Understanding the relationship between population dynamics and disease-specific mortality is central to evidence-based health policy. This study introduces two novel metrics, PoPDivergence and PoPStat, one to quantify the difference between…
We consider an individual-based spatially structured population for Darwinian evolution in an asexual population. The individuals move randomly on a bounded continuous space according to a reflected brownian motion. The dynamics involves…
We calculate the optimal solutions of the fully heterogeneous Von Neumann expansion problem with $N$ processes and $P$ goods in the limit $N\to\infty$. This model provides an elementary description of the growth of a production economy in…
We have modeled the employment/population ratio in the largest developed countries. Our results show that the evolution of the employment rate since 1970 can be predicted with a high accuracy by a linear dependence on the logarithm of real…
Population-based evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been widely applied to solve various optimization problems. The question of how the performance of a population-based EA depends on the population size arises naturally. The performance of…
We consider a population organised hierarchically with respect to size in such a way that the growth rate of each individual depends only on the presence of larger individuals. As a concrete example one might think of a forest, in which the…
Today 7.2 billion people inhabit the Earth and by 2050 this number will have risen to around nine billion, of which about 70 percent will be living in cities. Hence, it is essential to understand drivers, dynamics, and impacts of the human…
We describe a general Godunov type splitting for numerical simulations of the Fisher/Kolmogorov-Petrovski-Piskunov growth and diffusion equation in two spatial dimensions. In particular, the method is appropriate for modeling population…
Consider a population that is expanding in two-dimensional space. Suppose we collect data from a sample of individuals taken at random either from the entire population, or from near the outer boundary of the population. A quantity of…
The application of Leslie matrices in demographic research is considered in this paper. The Leslie matrix is first proposed in the 1940s and gained popularity in the mid-1960s, becoming fundamental tool for predicting population dynamics.…