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Multivariate time series have many applications, from healthcare and meteorology to life science. Although deep learning models have shown excellent predictive performance for time series, they have been criticised for being "black-boxes"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Qiqi Su , Christos Kloukinas , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Time-series reasoning remains a significant challenge in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) due to the dynamic temporal patterns, ambiguous semantics, and lack of temporal priors. In this work, we introduce TimeMaster, a reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Junru Zhang , Lang Feng , Xu Guo , Yuhan Wu , Yabo Dong , Duanqing Xu

Functional time series whose sample elements are recorded sequentially over time are frequently encountered with increasing technology. Recent studies have shown that analyzing and forecasting of functional time series can be performed…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-22 Ufuk Beyaztas , Han Lin Shang

Predicting metrics associated with entities' transnational behavior within payment processing networks is essential for system monitoring. Multivariate time series, aggregated from the past transaction history, can provide valuable insights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Zhongfang Zhuang , Junpeng Wang , Yan Zheng , Javid Ebrahimi , Ryan Mercer , Liang Wang , Wei Zhang

Advances in time-series forecasting are driving a shift from conventional machine learning models to foundation models (FMs) that are trained with generalized knowledge. However, existing FMs still perform poorly in the energy fields, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rui Liang , Yang Deng , Donghua Xie , Fang He , Dan Wang

Time series analysis remains a major challenge due to its sparse characteristics, high dimensionality, and inconsistent data quality. Recent advancements in transformer-based techniques have enhanced capabilities in forecasting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Robert Leppich , Vanessa Borst , Veronika Lesch , Samuel Kounev

Text and time series data offer complementary views of financial markets: news articles provide narrative context about company events, while stock prices reflect how markets react to those events. However, despite their complementary…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ross Koval , Nicholas Andrews , Xifeng Yan

Robust Anomaly Detection (AD) on time series data is a key component for monitoring many complex modern systems. These systems typically generate high-dimensional time series that can be highly noisy, seasonal, and inter-correlated. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Farzaneh Khoshnevisan , Zhewen Fan , Vitor R. Carvalho

We propose a novel framework to classify large-scale time series data with long duration. Long time seriesclassification (L-TSC) is a challenging problem because the dataoften contains a large amount of irrelevant information to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Yuansheng Zhu , Weishi Shi , Deep Shankar Pandey , Yang Liu , Xiaofan Que , Daniel E. Krutz , Qi Yu

Recent research in time series forecasting has explored integrating multimodal features into models to improve accuracy. However, the accuracy of such methods is constrained by three key challenges: inadequate extraction of fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shule Hao , Junpeng Bao , Wenli Li

In the transformative landscape of smart cities, the integration of the cutting-edge web technologies into time series forecasting presents a pivotal opportunity to enhance urban planning, sustainability, and economic growth. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

We introduce the concept of programmable feature engineering for time series modeling and propose a feature programming framework. This framework generates large amounts of predictive features for noisy multivariate time series while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Alex Reneau , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Chenwei Xu , Weijian Li , Ammar Gilani , Han Liu

Time series analysis provides essential insights for real-world system dynamics and informs downstream decision-making, yet most existing methods often overlook the rich contextual signals present in auxiliary modalities. To bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yushan Jiang , Wenchao Yu , Geon Lee , Dongjin Song , Kijung Shin , Wei Cheng , Yanchi Liu , Haifeng Chen

Accurate weather forecasts are critical for societal planning and disaster preparedness. Yet these forecasts remain challenging to produce and evaluate, especially in regions with sparse observational coverage. Current evaluation of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Aman Gupta , Aditi Sheshadri , Dhruv Suri

Multivariate time series forecasting is widely used in various fields. Reasonable prediction results can assist people in planning and decision-making, generate benefits and avoid risks. Normally, there are two characteristics of time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Yifu Zhou , Ziheng Duan , Haoyan Xu , Jie Feng , Anni Ren , Yueyang Wang , Xiaoqian Wang

Probabilistic time series forecasting has played critical role in decision-making processes due to its capability to quantify uncertainties. Deep forecasting models, however, could be prone to input perturbations, and the notion of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 TaeHo Yoon , Youngsuk Park , Ernest K. Ryu , Yuyang Wang

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) excel at numerical forecasting but operate as black boxes lacking qualitative reasoning. Conversely, applying LLMs directly to temporal data introduces a modality gap: text tokenizers fragment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Md Atik Ahamed , Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Chun-Liang Li , Qiang Cheng , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Electricity market prices exhibit extreme volatility, nonlinearity, and non-stationarity, making accurate forecasting a significant challenge. While cutting-edge time series foundation models (TSFMs) effectively capture temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunzhong Qiu , Binzhu Li , Hao Wei , Shenglin Weng , Chen Wang , Zhongyi Pei , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have demonstrated increasing capabilities due to their extensive pretraining on large volumes of diverse time series data. Consequently, the quality of time series data is crucial to TSFM performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Shunyu Wu , Tianyue Li , Yixuan Leng , Jingyi Suo , Jian Lou , Dan Li , See-Kiong Ng

Time-series forecasting has seen significant advancements with the introduction of token prediction mechanisms such as multi-head attention. However, these methods often struggle to achieve the same performance as in language modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Panayiotis Christou , Shichu Chen , Xupeng Chen , Parijat Dube