Related papers: Flat-virtual knot: introduction and some invariant…
In this paper, we introduce a new nontrivial filtration, called F-order, for classical and virtual knot invariants; this filtration produces filtered knot invariants, which are called finite type invariants similar to Vassiliev knot…
This paper is an introduction to the theory of virtual knots and links and it gives a list of unsolved problems in this subject.
We compose the table of knots in the thickened torus T x I having diagrams with at most 4 crossings. The knots are constructed by the three-step process. First we list regular graphs of degree 4 with at most 4 vertices, then for each graph…
We introduce two sequences of two-variable polynomials $\{ L^n_K (t, \ell)\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ and $\{ F^n_K (t, \ell)\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$, expressed in terms of index value of a crossing and $n$-dwrithe value of a virtual knot $K$, where $t$…
We extend knot contact homology to a theory over the ring $\mathbb{Z}[\lambda^{\pm 1},\mu^{\pm 1}]$, with the invariant given topologically and combinatorially. The improved invariant, which is defined for framed knots in $S^3$ and can be…
We give a new construction of the one-variable Alexander polynomial of an oriented knot or link, and show that it generalizes to a vector valued invariant of oriented tangles.
We introduce and study knots and links in 2-dimensional complexes. In particular, we define linking numbers for oriented two-component links in 2-complexes and a Kauffman-type bracket polynomial for links in 2-complexes. We also discuss…
In the present paper, we construct an invariant for virtual knots in the thickened sphere with g handles; this invariant is a Laurent polynomial in 2g+3 variables. To this end, we use a modification of the Wirtinger presentation of the knot…
In this paper, we extend the definition of a knotoid that was introduced by Turaev, to multi-linkoids that consist of a number of knot and knotoid components. We study invariants of multi-linkoids that lie in a closed orientable surface,…
We define a new kind of Gauss diagrams to describe knots in the solid torus with projections in the annulus. We see that it provides an efficient tool for showing that a knot diagram can be fully recovered from its decorated Gauss diagram,…
The notion of a pseudoknot is defined as an equivalence class of knot diagrams that may be missing some crossing information. We provide here a topological invariant schema for pseudoknots and their relatives, 4-valent rigid vertex spatial…
Multi-virtual knot theory was introduced in $2024$ by the first author. In this paper, we initiate the study of algebraic invariants of multi-virtual links. After determining a generating set of (oriented) multi-virtual Reidemeister moves,…
We initiate the study of classical knots through the homotopy class of the n-th evaluation map of the knot, which is the induced map on the compactified n-point configuration space. Sending a knot to its n-th evaluation map realizes the…
We introduce a framework to analyze knots and links in an unmarked solid torus. We discuss invariants that detect when such links are equivalent under an ambient homeomorphism, and show that the multivariable Alexander polynomial is such in…
We introduce two polynomial invariants $V_1(K;t)$ and $V_2(K;t)$ of a long virtual knot $K$, which generalize the degree-two finite type invariants $v_{2,1}$ and $v_{2,2}$ of Goussarov, Polyak, and Viro. We establish their fundamental…
We introduce two new families of polynomial invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links defined as decategorfications of the quandle coloring quiver. We provide examples to illustrate the computation of the invariants, show…
In this paper we give the results of a computer search for biracks of small size and we give various interpretations of these findings. The list includes biquandles, racks and quandles together with new invariants of welded knots and…
Several authors have recently studied virtual knots and links because they admit invariants arising from R-matrices. We prove that every virtual link is uniquely represented by a link L in S X I, a thickened, compact, oriented surface S,…
Kauffman's bracket is an invariant of regular isotopy of knots and links which since its discovery in 1985 it has been used in many different directions: (a) it implies an easy proof of the invariance of (in fact, it is equivalent to) the…
The notion of a virtual knot introduced by L. Kauffman induces the notion of a virtual braid. It is closely related with a welded braid of R. Fenn, R. Rimanyi and C. Rourke. Alexander's and Markov's theorems for virtual knots and braids are…