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With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason over multiple images simultaneously. However, existing MLLM benchmarks focus either on…

AI models have achieved state-of-the-art results in textual reasoning; however, their ability to reason over spatial and relational structures remains a critical bottleneck -- particularly in early-grade maths, which relies heavily on…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

The ability to understand and reason about spatial relationships between objects in images is an important component of visual reasoning. This skill rests on the ability to recognize and localize objects of interest and determine their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

Given the remarkable success that large visual language models (LVLMs) have achieved in image perception tasks, the endeavor to make LVLMs perceive the world like humans is drawing increasing attention. Current multi-modal benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Siwei Wu , Kang Zhu , Yu Bai , Yiming Liang , Yizhi Li , Haoning Wu , J. H. Liu , Ruibo Liu , Xingwei Qu , Xuxin Cheng , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Chenghua Lin

Multi-image Interleaved Reasoning aims to improve Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) ability to jointly comprehend and reason across multiple images and their associated textual contexts, introducing unique challenges beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hang Du , Jiayang Zhang , Guoshun Nan , Wendi Deng , Zhenyan Chen , Chenyang Zhang , Wang Xiao , Shan Huang , Yuqi Pan , Tao Qi , Sicong Leng

Although large visual-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in multimodal tasks, errors may occasionally arise due to biases during the reasoning process. Recently, reward models (RMs) have become increasingly pivotal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiacheng Ruan , Wenzhen Yuan , Xian Gao , Ye Guo , Daoxin Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yao Hu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong capabilities in visual-language reasoning, yet their performance on ultra-high-resolution imagery remains largely unexplored. Existing visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Siqi Li , Xinyu Cai , Jianbiao Mei , Nianchen Deng , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Yufan Shen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

Existing evaluation frameworks for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) primarily focus on image reasoning or general video understanding tasks, largely overlooking the significant role of image context in video comprehension. To bridge…

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their proficiency in understanding and reasoning over multiple images remains largely unexplored. While existing benchmarks have initiated the evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Anurag Das , Adrian Bulat , Alberto Baldrati , Ioannis Maniadis Metaxas , Bernt Schiele , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Brais Martinez

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to integrate visual and linguistic information, achieving near-human proficiency in tasks like object recognition, captioning, and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhikai Wang , Jiashuo Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Xin Li , Fan Wang , Deli Zhao

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) such as GPT-4V and LLaVA have shown remarkable capabilities in visual reasoning with common image styles. However, their robustness against diverse style shifts, crucial for practical applications, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Rizhao Cai , Zirui Song , Dayan Guan , Zhenhao Chen , Xing Luo , Chenyu Yi , Alex Kot

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have improved performance in multi-modal learning, raising the question of whether these models truly understand the content they process. Crucially, can VLMs detect when a reasoning process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yang Shi , Yifeng Xie , Minzhe Guo , Liangsi Lu , Mingxuan Huang , Jingchao Wang , Zhihong Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhiqi Huang

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive progress in multimodal mathematical reasoning. Yet, how much visual information truly contributes to reasoning remains unclear. Existing benchmarks report strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yuandong Wang , Yao Cui , Yuxin Zhao , Zhen Yang , Yangfu Zhu , Zhenzhou Shao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in understanding various types of image, including text-rich images. Most existing text-rich image benchmarks are simple extraction-based question answering, and many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Jian Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Yufan Zhou , Ryan Rossi , Jiuxiang Gu , Changyou Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong perception and reasoning performance on existing remote sensing (RS) benchmarks. However, most prior benchmarks rely on low-resolution imagery, and some high-resolution benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yunkai Dang , Meiyi Zhu , Donghao Wang , Yizhuo Zhang , Jiacheng Yang , Qi Fan , Yuekun Yang , Wenbin Li , Feng Miao , Yang Gao
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