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Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful zero-shot assessors used in real-world situations such as assessing written exams and benchmarking systems. Despite these critical applications, no existing work has analyzed the vulnerability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Vyas Raina , Adian Liusie , Mark Gales

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has inspired researchers to integrate them extensively into the academic workflow, potentially reshaping how research is practiced and reviewed. While previous studies highlight the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Li , Jia-Chen Gu , Po-Nien Kung , Heming Xia , Junfeng liu , Xiangwen Kong , Zhifang Sui , Nanyun Peng

Large language models are increasingly used as automated evaluators in research and enterprise settings, a practice known as LLM-as-a-judge. While prior work has examined accuracy, bias, and alignment with human preferences, far less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Fiona Lau

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

We explore how large language models (LLMs) can enhance the proposal selection process at large user facilities, offering a scalable, consistent, and cost-effective alternative to traditional human review. Proposal selection depends on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lijie Ding , Janell Thomson , Jon Taylor , Changwoo Do

The potential of large language models (LLMs) to reason like humans has been a highly contested topic in Machine Learning communities. However, the reasoning abilities of humans are multifaceted and can be seen in various forms, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Shrivats Agrawal

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Determining which legal cases are relevant to a given query involves navigating lengthy texts and applying nuanced legal reasoning. Traditionally, this task has demanded significant time and domain expertise to identify key Legal Facts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shengjie Ma , Qi Chu , Jiaxin Mao , Xuhui Jiang , Haozhe Duan , Chong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed as evaluators (LLM-as-a-Judge) for assessing the quality of machine-generated text. This paradigm offers scalability and cost-effectiveness compared to human annotation. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Narek Maloyan , Bislan Ashinov , Dmitry Namiot

In an era dominated by Large Language Models (LLMs), understanding their capabilities and limitations, especially in high-stakes fields like law, is crucial. While LLMs such as Meta's LLaMA, OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google's Gemini, DeepSeek, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Antreas Ioannou , Andreas Shiamishis , Nora Hollenstein , Nezihe Merve Gürel

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in domains where causal reasoning matters, yet it remains unclear whether their judgments reflect normative causal computation, human-like shortcuts, or brittle pattern matching. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hanna M. Dettki , Charley M. Wu , Bob Rehder

Despite advances in the field of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing (NLP), a significant challenge remains the accurate evaluation of privacy. As a potential solution, using LLMs as a privacy evaluator presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Stephen Meisenbacher , Alexandra Klymenko , Florian Matthes

There has been little systematic study on how dialectal differences affect toxicity detection by modern LLMs. Furthermore, although using LLMs as evaluators ("LLM-as-a-judge") is a growing research area, their sensitivity to dialectal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Fahim Faisal , Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive achievements in solving a broad range of tasks. Augmented by instruction fine-tuning, LLMs have also been shown to generalize in zero-shot settings as well. However, whether LLMs closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Noah Lee , Na Min An , James Thorne

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators of reasoning quality, yet their reliability and bias in payments-risk settings remain poorly understood. We introduce a structured multi-evaluator framework for assessing LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Liang Wang , Junpeng Wang , Chin-chia Michael Yeh , Yan Zheng , Jiarui Sun , Xiran Fan , Xin Dai , Yujie Fan , Yiwei Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities as automatic evaluators in assessing the quality of generated natural language. However, LLMs still exhibit biases in evaluation and often struggle to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yinhong Liu , Han Zhou , Zhijiang Guo , Ehsan Shareghi , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Nigel Collier

Objective and scalable measurement of teaching quality is a persistent challenge in education. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential, general-purpose models have struggled to reliably apply complex, authentic classroom…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Michael Hardy

Evaluating large language model (LLM) outputs in the legal domain presents unique challenges due to the complex and nuanced nature of legal analysis. Current evaluation approaches either depend on reference data, which is costly to produce,…

Modeling user preferences across domains remains a key challenge in slate recommendation (i.e. recommending an ordered sequence of items) research. We investigate how Large Language Models (LLM) can effectively act as world models of user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Baptiste Bonin , Maxime Heuillet , Audrey Durand

The evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs is increasingly performed by other LLMs, a setup commonly known as "LLM-as-a-judge", or autograders. While autograders offer a scalable alternative to human evaluation, they have shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Magda Dubois , Harry Coppock , Mario Giulianelli , Timo Flesch , Lennart Luettgau , Cozmin Ududec