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Finding a feasible and prompt solution to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a prerequisite for efficient freight transportation, seamless logistics, and sustainable mobility. Traditional optimization methods reach their limits when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Elija Deineko , Carina Kehrt

In the last decades, the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), i.e., assigning a set of orders to vehicles and planning their routes has been intensively researched. As only the assignment of order to vehicles and their routes is already…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Veronika Lesch , Maximilian König , Samuel Kounev , Anthony Stein , Christian Krupitzer

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a typical discrete combinatorial optimization problem, and many models and algorithms have been proposed to solve the VRP and its variants. Although existing approaches have contributed a lot to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Bingjie Li , Guohua Wu , Yongming He , Mingfeng Fan , Witold Pedrycz

Recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) methods have shown promising problem-solving ability without requiring domain-specific expertise. Most existing NCO methods use training and testing data with a fixed constraint value and lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fu Luo , Yaoxin Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhenkun Wang

In this paper, we address the problem of Column Generation (CG) using Reinforcement Learning (RL). Specifically, we use a RL model based on the attention-mechanism architecture to find the columns with most negative reduced cost in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Abdo Abouelrous , Laurens Bliek , Adriana F. Gabor , Yaoxin Wu , Yingqian Zhang

This study proposes a hybrid quantum-classical approach to solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) by integrating the Column Generation (CG) method with the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOAnsatz). The CG method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Wei-hao Huang , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Yu Yamashiro

This paper outlines an exact and a heuristic algorithm for the electric vehicle routing problem with a nonlinear charging function (E-VRP-NL) introduced by Montoya et al. (2017). The E-VRP-NL captures several realistic features of electric…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Yijing Liang , Said Dabia , Zhixing Luo

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a core NP-hard problem in the field of combinatorial optimization. It aims to plan optimal routes for a fleet of vehicles with uniform capacity, serving a set of customers with specific…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongyu Chen

Ising machines are expected to solve combinatorial optimization problems faster than the existing integer programming solvers. These problems, particularly those encountered in practical situations, typically involve inequality constraints.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-05 Hiroshi Kanai , Masashi Yamashita , Kotaro Tanahashi , Shu Tanaka

Recently, the applications of the methodologies of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to NP-Hard Combinatorial optimization problems have become a popular topic. This is essentially due to the nature of the traditional combinatorial algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Simone Foa , Corrado Coppola , Giorgio Grani , Laura Palagi

Existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based methods for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) intrinsically cope with homogeneous vehicle fleet, in which the fleet is assumed as repetitions of a single vehicle. Hence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jingwen Li , Yining Ma , Ruize Gao , Zhiguang Cao , Andrew Lim , Wen Song , Jie Zhang

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a powerful framework for solving combinatorial optimization problems by integrating deep learning-based models. This work focuses on improving existing inference techniques to enhance…

Recently, machine learning of the branch and bound algorithm has shown promise in approximating competent solutions to NP-hard problems. In this paper, we utilize and comprehensively compare the outcomes of three neural networks--graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Andrew Naguib , Waleed A. Yousef , Issa Traoré , Mohammad Mamun

Learning how to automatically solve optimization problems has the potential to provide the next big leap in optimization technology. The performance of automatically learned heuristics on routing problems has been steadily improving in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-01 André Hottung , Kevin Tierney

In this paper, we evaluate the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve a classic combinatorial optimization problem: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). We formalize this problem in the RL framework and compare two of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Leo Ardon

We present an end-to-end framework for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) using reinforcement learning. In this approach, we train a single model that finds near-optimal solutions for problem instances sampled from a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Mohammadreza Nazari , Afshin Oroojlooy , Lawrence V. Snyder , Martin Takáč

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) underpins modern last-mile logistics. Current Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) methods construct CVRP solutions autoregressively, inheriting sequential decoding bottlenecks, sensitivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Samuel J. K. Chin , Maximilian Schiffer

We investigate the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) under a robotics context, where a vehicle with limited payload must complete delivery (or pickup) tasks to serve a set of geographically distributed customers with varying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Kai Gao , Jingjin Yu

Heavy goods vehicles are vital backbones of the supply chain delivery system but also contribute significantly to carbon emissions with only 60% loading efficiency in the United Kingdom. Collaborative vehicle routing has been proposed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Stefan Schoepf , Stephen Mak , Julian Senoner , Liming Xu , Netland Torbjörn , Alexandra Brintrup
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