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In this paper, we study using graph neural networks (GNNs) for \textit{multi-node representation learning}, where a representation for a set of more than one node (such as a link) is to be learned. Existing GNNs are mainly designed to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiyuan Wang , Pan Li , Muhan Zhang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) extend basic Neural Networks (NNs) by using the graph structures based on the relational inductive bias (homophily assumption). Though GNNs are believed to outperform NNs in real-world tasks, performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sitao Luan , Chenqing Hua , Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Mingde Zhao , Shuyuan Zhang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

Graph Neural Network (GNN) is an emerging technique for graph-based learning tasks such as node classification. In this work, we reveal the vulnerability of GNN to the imbalance of node labels. Traditional solutions for imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Xiaohe Li , Lijie Wen , Yawen Deng , Fuli Feng , Xuming Hu , Lei Wang , Zide Fan

This paper proposes an adaptive graph-based approach for multi-label image classification. Graph-based methods have been largely exploited in the field of multi-label classification, given their ability to model label correlations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Indel Pal Singh , Enjie Ghorbel , Oyebade Oyedotun , Djamila Aouada

Multi-label node classification is an important yet under-explored domain in graph mining as many real-world nodes belong to multiple categories rather than just a single one. Although a few efforts have been made by utilizing Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yuanchen Bei , Weizhi Chen , Hao Chen , Sheng Zhou , Carl Yang , Jiapei Fan , Longtao Huang , Jiajun Bu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in various graph-based applications. Most existing GNNs assume strong homophily of graph structure and apply permutation-invariant local aggregation of neighbors to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tianmeng Yang , Yujing Wang , Zhihan Yue , Yaming Yang , Yunhai Tong , Jing Bai

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown significant success in learning graph representations. However, recent studies reveal that GNNs often fail to outperform simple MLPs on heterophilous graph tasks, where connected nodes may differ in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Songwei Zhao , Yuan Jiang , Zijing Zhang , Yang Yu , Hechang Chen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong

We bridge two research directions on graph neural networks (GNNs), by formalizing the relation between heterophily of node labels (i.e., connected nodes tend to have dissimilar labels) and the robustness of GNNs to adversarial attacks. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jiong Zhu , Junchen Jin , Donald Loveland , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in graph-based analysis tasks. However, most existing methods have the homogeneity assumption and show poor performance on heterophilic graphs, where the linked nodes have dissimilar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu , Haitao Yuan , Zhifeng Bao , Zhao Pengrui , Xin Yu , Xuetao Lin , Yu Liang , Yanjun Pu

Crowdsourcing has attracted much attention for its convenience to collect labels from non-expert workers instead of experts. However, due to the high level of noise from the non-experts, an aggregation model that learns the true label by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Hanlu Wu , Tengfei Ma , Lingfei Wu , Shouling Ji

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted much attention due to their ability to leverage the intrinsic geometries of the underlying data. Although many different types of GNN models have been developed, with many benchmarking procedures…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on homophilic graphs but often struggle under heterophily, where adjacent nodes frequently belong to different classes. We propose an interpretable and adaptive framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Soroush Vahidi

Real data collected from different applications that have additional topological structures and connection information are amenable to be represented as a weighted graph. Considering the node labeling problem, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Xiaoxiao Li , Joao Saude

Graphs are widely used to encapsulate a variety of data formats, but real-world networks often involve complex node relations beyond only being pairwise. While hypergraphs and hierarchical graphs have been developed and employed to account…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Zehui Li , Xiangyu Zhao , Mingzhu Shen , Guy-Bart Stan , Pietro Liò , Yiren Zhao

Graphs with heterophily have been regarded as challenging scenarios for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), where nodes are connected with dissimilar neighbors through various patterns. In this paper, we present theoretical understandings of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Junfu Wang , Yuanfang Guo , Liang Yang , Yunhong Wang

In the semi-supervised setting where labeled data are largely limited, it remains to be a big challenge for message passing based graph neural networks (GNNs) to learn feature representations for the nodes with the same class label that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Acong Zhang , Ping Li , Guanrong Chen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in various graph problems. However, most GNNs are Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) based on the homophily assumption, where nodes with the same label are connected in graphs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Junjie Xu , Enyan Dai , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used on a variety of graph-based machine learning tasks. For node-level tasks, GNNs have strong power to model the homophily property of graphs (i.e., connected nodes are more similar) while their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Lun Du , Xiaozhou Shi , Qiang Fu , Xiaojun Ma , Hengyu Liu , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang