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Related papers: ToxiCloakCN: Evaluating Robustness of Offensive La…

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Despite the considerable efforts being made to monitor and regulate user-generated content on social media platforms, the pervasiveness of offensive language, such as hate speech or cyberbullying, in the digital space remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yunze Xiao , Houda Bouamor , Wajdi Zaghouani

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent studies show that simple character substitutions in toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shujian Yang , Shiyao Cui , Chuanrui Hu , Haicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Minlie Huang , Jialiang Lu , Han Qiu

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Detecting offensive language is a challenging task. Generalizing across different cultures and languages becomes even more challenging: besides lexical, syntactic and semantic differences, pragmatic aspects such as cultural norms and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Li Zhou , Laura Cabello , Yong Cao , Daniel Hershcovich

The widespread dissemination of toxic online posts is increasingly damaging to society. However, research on detecting toxic language in Chinese has lagged significantly. Existing datasets lack fine-grained annotation of toxic types and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Changrong Min , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to automated harmful content detection tasks, assisting moderators in identifying policy violations and improving the overall efficiency and accuracy of content review. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Kangwei Liu , Siyuan Cheng , Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Yuyang Yin , Meng Han , Ningyu Zhang , Bryan Hooi , Xi Chen , Shumin Deng

The prevalence of offensive content on the internet, encompassing hate speech and cyberbullying, is a pervasive issue worldwide. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention from the machine learning (ML) and natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Alphaeus Dmonte , Tejas Arya , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Marcos Zampieri

Patronizing and Condescending Language (PCL) is a form of discriminatory toxic speech targeting vulnerable groups, threatening both online and offline safety. While toxic speech research has mainly focused on overt toxicity, such as hate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Hongbo Wang , Junyu Lu , Yan Han , Kai Ma , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Detoxifying offensive language while preserving the speaker's original intent is a challenging yet critical goal for improving the quality of online interactions. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in rewriting toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xintong Wang , Yixiao Liu , Jingheng Pan , Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Chris Biemann

Phonetic Cloaking Replacement (PCR), defined as the deliberate use of homophonic or near-homophonic variants to hide toxic intent, has become a major obstacle to Chinese content moderation. While this problem is well-recognized, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Haotan Guo , Jianfei He , Jiayuan Ma , Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Haiyang Zhang , Qi Chen , Wei Wang , Zijing Shi , Tao Shen , Ling Chen

The proliferation of hate speech has caused significant harm to society. The intensity and directionality of hate are closely tied to the target and argument it is associated with. However, research on hate speech detection in Chinese has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zewen Bai , Shengdi Yin , Junyu Lu , Jingjie Zeng , Haohao Zhu , Yuanyuan Sun , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many diverse applications beyond language generation, e.g., translation, summarization, and sentiment analysis. One intriguing application is in text classification. This becomes pertinent in the realm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Tharindu Kumarage , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Joshua Garland

Offensive language detection is increasingly crucial for maintaining a civilized social media platform and deploying pre-trained language models. However, this task in Chinese is still under exploration due to the scarcity of reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jiawen Deng , Jingyan Zhou , Hao Sun , Chujie Zheng , Fei Mi , Helen Meng , Minlie Huang

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

Chinese Patronizing and Condescending Language (CPCL) is an implicitly discriminatory toxic speech targeting vulnerable groups on Chinese video platforms. The existing dataset lacks user comments, which are a direct reflection of video…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiaxun Yang , Yifei Han , Long Zhang , Yujie Liu , Bin Li , Bo Gao , Yangfan He , Kejia Zhan

The prevalence and strong capability of large language models (LLMs) present significant safety and ethical risks if exploited by malicious users. To prevent the potentially deceptive usage of LLMs, recent works have proposed algorithms to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhouxing Shi , Yihan Wang , Fan Yin , Xiangning Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking embeds detectable signals into generated text for copyright protection, misuse prevention, and content detection. While prior studies evaluate robustness using watermark removal attacks, these methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhaoxi Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , He Zhang , Shirui Pan , Bo Liu , Asif Qumer Gill , Leo Yu Zhang

The proliferation of hate speech on Chinese social media poses urgent societal risks, yet traditional systems struggle to decode context-dependent rhetorical strategies and evolving slang. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel three-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Binglin Wu , Jiaxiu Zou , Xianneng Li

This paper has been accepted in the NeurIPS 2024 D & B Track. Harmful memes have proliferated on the Chinese Internet, while research on detecting Chinese harmful memes significantly lags behind due to the absence of reliable datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Hongbo Wang , Haohao Zhu , Dongyu Zhang , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar
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