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Vision Transformers have achieved impressive performance in many vision tasks. While the token mixer or attention block has been studied in great detail, much less research has been devoted to the channel mixer or feature mixing block (FFN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Deepak Sridhar , Yunsheng Li , Nuno Vasconcelos

The Transformer architecture has dominated machine learning in a wide range of tasks. The specific characteristic of this architecture is an expensive scaled dot-product attention mechanism that models the inter-token interactions, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zizhao Hu , Mohammad Rostami

A widely cited result by Dong et al. (2021) showed that Transformers built from self-attention alone, without skip connections or feed-forward layers, suffer from rapid rank collapse: all token representations converge to a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Giansalvo Cirrincione

Self-attention mechanism is the key of the Transformer but often criticized for its computation demands. Previous token pruning works motivate their methods from the view of computation redundancy but still need to load the full network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sihao Lin , Pumeng Lyu , Dongrui Liu , Tao Tang , Xiaodan Liang , Andy Song , Xiaojun Chang

Transformers have achieved remarkable success across natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). However, deep transformer models often suffer from an over-smoothing issue, in which token representations converge to similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Satoshi Noguchi , Yoshinobu Kawahara

Large language models based on the Transformer architecture have demonstrated impressive capabilities to learn in context. However, existing theoretical studies on how this phenomenon arises are limited to the dynamics of a single layer of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-04 Juno Kim , Taiji Suzuki

Continual learning is an essential capability of human cognition, yet it poses significant challenges for current deep learning models. The primary issue is that new knowledge can interfere with previously learned information, causing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Luigi Quarantiello , Samrat Mukherjee , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), MLP-mixers, and Vision Transformers have risen to prominence as leading neural architectures in image classification. Prior research has underscored the distinct advantages of each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mk Bashar , Ocean Monjur , Samia Islam , Mohammad Galib Shams , Niamul Quader

Conformer has proven to be effective in many speech processing tasks. It combines the benefits of extracting local dependencies using convolutions and global dependencies using self-attention. Inspired by this, we propose a more flexible,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Yifan Peng , Siddharth Dalmia , Ian Lane , Shinji Watanabe

Vision-Transformers are widely used in various vision tasks. Meanwhile, there is another line of works starting with the MLP-mixer trying to achieve similar performance using mlp-based architectures. Interestingly, until now those mlp-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Dan Navon , Alex M. Bronstein

Transformers have gained popularity in time series forecasting for their ability to capture long-sequence interactions. However, their high memory and computing requirements pose a critical bottleneck for long-term forecasting. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Vijay Ekambaram , Arindam Jati , Nam Nguyen , Phanwadee Sinthong , Jayant Kalagnanam

Transformer models have demonstrated superior performance in natural language processing. The dot product self-attention in Transformer allows us to model interactions between words. However, this modeling comes with significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Zhaozhuo Xu , Minghao Yan , Junyan Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Associative memory models, such as Hopfield networks and their modern variants, have garnered renewed interest due to advancements in memory capacity and connections with self-attention in transformers. In this work, we introduce a unified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Saul Santos , Vlad Niculae , Daniel McNamee , André F. T. Martins

Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) conventionally follow a narrow-wide-narrow design where skip connections operate at the input/output dimensions while processing occurs in expanded hidden spaces. We challenge this convention by proposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Meng-Hsi Chen , Yu-Ang Lee , Feng-Ting Liao , Da-shan Shiu

In order to reduce the computational complexity of large language models, great efforts have been made to to improve the efficiency of transformer models such as linear attention and flash-attention. However, the model size and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ning Ding , Yehui Tang , Haochen Qin , Zhenli Zhou , Chao Xu , Lin Li , Kai Han , Heng Liao , Yunhe Wang

Recently, MLP structures have regained popularity, with MLP-Mixer standing out as a prominent example. In the field of computer vision, MLP-Mixer is noted for its ability to extract data information from both channel and token perspectives,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Qingfeng Ji , Yuxin Wang , Letong Sun

Transformer models have redefined sequence learning, yet dot-product self-attention introduces a quadratic token-mixing bottleneck for long-context time-series. We introduce the \textbf{Phasor Transformer} block, a phase-native alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Dibakar Sigdel

The hierarchical architecture has become a mainstream design paradigm for Vision Transformers (ViTs), with Patch Merging serving as the pivotal component that transforms a columnar architecture into a hierarchical one. Drawing inspiration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yonghao Yu , Dongcheng Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yiting Dong , Yi Zeng

Recent works have highlighted the need for a new dynamical paradigm in the modeling of brain function and evolution. Specifically, these models should incorporate non-constant and asymmetric synaptic weights $T_{ij}$ in the neuron-neuron…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 Franco Cardin , Alberto Lovison , Amos Maritan , Aram Megighian

Transformers have revolutionized deep learning in numerous fields, including natural language processing, computer vision, and audio processing. Their strength lies in their attention mechanism, which allows for the discovering of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Uladzislau Yorsh , Martin Holeňa , Ondřej Bojar , David Herel