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Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) suffer from hallucination issues, wherein the models generate plausible-sounding but factually incorrect outputs, undermining their reliability. A comprehensive quantitative evaluation is necessary to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Haoyi Qiu , Wenbo Hu , Zi-Yi Dou , Nanyun Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities. However, they often produce inaccurate or unreliable content known as hallucinations. This unreliability significantly limits their deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Minh Vu , Brian K. Tran , Syed A. Shah , Geigh Zollicoffer , Nhat Hoang-Xuan , Manish Bhattarai

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown unprecedented capabilities in advancing various vision-language tasks. However, MLLMs face significant challenges with hallucinations, and misleading outputs that do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , William Yang Wang , Shuicheng Yan , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning but frequently exhibit hallucinations and incorrect responses with high certainty, which hinders their usage in high-stakes domains. Existing verbalized confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wenyi Xiao , Xinchi Xu , Leilei Gan

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate plausible but non-factual content, a phenomenon known as hallucination. While existing detection methods typically rely on computationally expensive sampling-based consistency checks or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Dan Wilson , Mohamed Akrout

We evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to discern and express their internal knowledge state, a key factor in countering factual hallucination and ensuring reliable application of LLMs. We observe a robust self-awareness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yuxin Liang , Zhuoyang Song , Hao Wang , Jiaxing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their propensity for hallucination, generating plausible but factually incorrect or fabricated content, remains a critical challenge. This report provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Manuel Cossio

To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Min-Hsuan Yeh , Max Kamachee , Seongheon Park , Yixuan Li

Self-detection for Large Language Models (LLMs) seeks to evaluate the trustworthiness of the LLM's output by leveraging its own capabilities, thereby alleviating the issue of output hallucination. However, existing self-detection approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving remarkable performance across diverse tasks and enabling widespread real-world applications. However, LLMs are prone to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Wen Luo , Tianshu Shen , Wei Li , Guangyue Peng , Richeng Xuan , Houfeng Wang , Xi Yang

Uncertainty estimation is a necessary component when implementing AI in high-risk settings, such as autonomous cars, medicine, or insurances. Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen a surge in popularity in recent years, but they are subject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Gabriel Y. Arteaga , Thomas B. Schön , Nicolas Pielawski

Despite the outstanding performance of large language models (LLMs) across various NLP tasks, hallucinations in LLMs--where LLMs generate inaccurate responses--remains as a critical problem as it can be directly connected to a crisis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Minsuh Joo , Hyunsoo Cho

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ray Li , Tanishka Bagade , Kevin Martinez , Flora Yasmin , Grant Ayala , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks by encoding vast amounts of factual knowledge. However, they are still prone to hallucinations, generating incorrect or misleading information, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Swair Shah , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across various fields, hallucination remains a significant challenge. Recent studies have explored hallucinations through the lens of internal representations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Junteng Liu , Shiqi Chen , Yu Cheng , Junxian He

Recently, extensive research on the hallucination of the large language models (LLMs) has mainly focused on the English language. Despite the growing number of multilingual and Arabic-specific LLMs, evaluating LLMs' hallucination in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Aisha Alansari , Hamzah Luqman

Detecting hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is critical for enhancing their reliability and trustworthiness. Most research focuses on hallucinations as deviations from information seen during training. However, the opaque…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Fabian Ridder , Malte Schilling

Object Hallucination (OH) has been acknowledged as one of the major trustworthy challenges in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) indicate that internal states, such as hidden states,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jinhao Duan , Fei Kong , Hao Cheng , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Lichao Sun , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

Multimodal hallucination in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) restricts the correctness of MLLMs. However, multimodal hallucinations are multi-sourced and arise from diverse causes. Existing benchmarks fail to adequately distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bowen Dong , Minheng Ni , Zitong Huang , Guanglei Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Lei Zhang

In the era of large language models (LLMs), hallucination (i.e., the tendency to generate factually incorrect content) poses great challenge to trustworthy and reliable deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. To tackle the LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Junyi Li , Jie Chen , Ruiyang Ren , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen
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