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Under network interference, the treatment given to one unit may also affect the outcomes of its neighboring units in an exposure graph. Existing large-sample theory has focused on settings where either the exposure graph is sparse, or the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Bryan Park , Stefan Wager

Classical causal inference assumes treatments meant for a given unit do not have an effect on other units. This assumption is violated in interference problems, where new types of spillover causal effects arise, and causal inference becomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-30 Ilya Shpitser , Chan Park , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen , Ryan Andrews

Recently, many estimators for network treatment effects have been proposed. But, their optimality properties in terms of semiparametric efficiency have yet to be resolved. We present a simple, yet flexible asymptotic framework to derive the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-29 Chan Park , Hyunseung Kang

We propose an easy-to-use adjustment estimator for the effect of a treatment based on observational data from a single (social) network of units. The approach allows for interactions among units within the network, called interference, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-06 Meta-Lina Spohn , Leonard Henckel , Marloes H. Maathuis

How should a network experiment be designed to achieve high statistical power? Ex- perimental treatments on networks may spread. Randomizing assignment of treatment to nodes enhances learning about the counterfactual causal effects of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-02 Jake Bowers , Bruce A. Desmarais , Mark Frederickson , Nahomi Ichino , Hsuan-Wei Lee , Simi Wang

Estimating causal effects has become an integral part of most applied fields. In this work we consider the violation of the classical no-interference assumption with units connected by a network. For tractability, we consider a known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-05 Alexandre Belloni , Fei Fang , Alexander Volfovsky

Estimating causal effects under interference, where the stable unit treatment value assumption is violated, is critical in fields such as regional and public economics. Much of the existing research on causal inference under interference…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Akihiro Sato , Shonosuke Sugasawa

We propose a new nonparametric modeling framework for causal inference when outcomes depend on how agents are linked in a social or economic network. Such network interference describes a large literature on treatment spillovers, social…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-03-25 Eric Auerbach , Hongchang Guo , Max Tabord-Meehan

In network settings, interference between units makes causal inference more challenging as outcomes may depend on the treatments received by others in the network. Typical estimands in network settings focus on treatment effects aggregated…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-25 Heejong Bong , Colin B. Fogarty , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

Network interference, where the outcome of an individual is affected by the treatment assignment of those in their social network, is pervasive in real-world settings. However, it poses a challenge to estimating causal effects. We consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Mayleen Cortez-Rodriguez , Matthew Eichhorn , Christina Lee Yu

No man is an island, as individuals interact and influence one another daily in our society. When social influence takes place in experiments on a population of interconnected individuals, the treatment on a unit may affect the outcomes of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-30 Edward K. Kao

Causal effect estimation in networked systems is central to data-driven decision making. In such settings, interventions on one unit can spill over to others, and in complex physical or social systems, the interaction pathways driving these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-27 Sadegh Shirani , Mohsen Bayati

Modified treatment policies are a widely applicable class of interventions useful for studying the causal effects of continuous exposures. Approaches to evaluating their causal effects assume no interference, meaning that such effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Salvador V. Balkus , Scott W. Delaney , Nima S. Hejazi

The evolving landscape of online multiplayer gaming presents unique challenges in assessing the causal impacts of game features. Traditional A/B testing methodologies fall short due to complex player interactions, leading to violations of…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-15 Yu Zhu , Zehang Richard Li , Yang Su , Zhenyu Zhao

Recent approaches to causal inference have focused on causal effects defined as contrasts between the distribution of counterfactual outcomes under hypothetical interventions on the nodes of a graphical model. In this article we develop…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-26 Iván Díaz

In randomized experiments, the classic Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA) posits that the outcome for one experimental unit is unaffected by the treatment assignments of other units. However, this assumption is frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-18 Yiming Jiang , He Wang

When estimating treatment effects, the golden standard is to conduct a randomized experiment and then contrast outcomes associated with the treatment group and the control group. However, in many cases, randomized experiments are either…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-08 Kevin Han

In contrast to problems of interference in (exogenous) treatments, models of interference in unit-specific (endogenous) outcomes do not usually produce a reduced-form representation where outcomes depend on other units' treatment status…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-17 Konrad Menzel

This paper considers conducting inference about the effect of a treatment (or exposure) on an outcome of interest. In the ideal setting where treatment is assigned randomly, under certain assumptions the treatment effect is identifiable…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-06 Amy Richardson , Michael G. Hudgens , Peter B. Gilbert , Jason P. Fine

Modern causal decision-making increasingly demands individualized treatment-effect estimation in networks where interventions are high-dimensional, combinatorial vectors. While network interference, effect heterogeneity, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Yunping Lu , Haoang Chi , Qirui Hu , Zhiheng Zhang