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Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in front-end code generation. However, existing benchmarks exhibit several critical limitations: many tasks are overly simplistic, test cases often lack rigor, and end-to-end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hongda Zhu , Yiwen Zhang , Bing Zhao , Jingzhe Ding , Siyao Liu , Tong Liu , Dandan Wang , Yanan Liu , Zhaojian Li

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping automated fact-checking (AFC) by enabling unified, end-to-end verification pipelines rather than isolated components. While large proprietary models achieve strong performance, their closed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Malin Astrid Larsson , Harald Fosen Grunnaleite , Vinay Setty

With the increasing application of large language models (LLMs) in the medical domain, evaluating these models' performance using benchmark datasets has become crucial. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of various benchmark…

General-purposed embodied agents are designed to understand the users' natural instructions or intentions and act precisely to complete universal tasks. Recently, methods based on foundation models especially Vision-Language-Action models…

Existing evaluation frameworks for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) primarily focus on image reasoning or general video understanding tasks, largely overlooking the significant role of image context in video comprehension. To bridge…

Existing benchmarks for tool-augmented language models (TaLMs) lack fine-grained control over task difficulty and remain vulnerable to data contamination. We present FuncBenchGen, a unified, contamination-free framework that evaluates TaLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Seiji Maekawa , Jackson Hassell , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Tom Mitchell , Estevam Hruschka

With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason over multiple images simultaneously. However, existing MLLM benchmarks focus either on…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with accurately capturing camera-object relations, especially for object orientation, camera viewpoint, and camera shots. This stems from the fact that existing MLLMs are trained on images…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a surge in both model supply and application demands. To facilitate effective matching between them, reliable, generic and efficient benchmark generators are widely needed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Current multimodal and multitask foundation models like 4M or UnifiedIO show promising results, but in practice their out-of-the-box abilities to accept diverse inputs and perform diverse tasks are limited by the (usually rather small)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , David Mizrahi , Ali Garjani , Mingfei Gao , David Griffiths , Jiaming Hu , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a broad range of tasks but their knowledge and abilities in the geographic and geospatial domains are yet to be explored, despite potential wide-ranging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jonathan Roberts , Timo Lüddecke , Rehan Sheikh , Kai Han , Samuel Albanie

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multimodal perception capabilities, garnering significant attention. While numerous evaluation studies have emerged, assessing LVLMs both holistically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Hong-Tao Yu , Yuxin Peng , Serge Belongie , Xiu-Shen Wei

Traditional image annotation tasks rely heavily on human effort for object selection and label assignment, making the process time-consuming and prone to decreased efficiency as annotators experience fatigue after extensive work. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 He Zhang , Xinyi Fu , John M. Carroll

Reward models (RMs) are essential for training large language models (LLMs), but remain underexplored for omni models that handle interleaved image and text sequences. We introduce Multimodal RewardBench 2 (MMRB2), the first comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yushi Hu , Reyhane Askari-Hemmat , Melissa Hall , Emily Dinan , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), numerous evaluation benchmarks have emerged. However, comprehensive assessments of their performance across diverse industrial applications remain limited. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Dongyi Yi , Guibo Zhu , Chenglin Ding , Zongshu Li , Dong Yi , Jinqiao Wang

Establishing fair and robust benchmarks is essential for evaluating intelligent code generation by large language models (LLMs). Our survey of 35 existing benchmarks uncovers three major imbalances: 85.7% focus on a single programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Shuai Wang , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Lefei Zhang , Fu Lin

Cross-modal entity linking refers to the ability to align entities and their attributes across different modalities. While cross-modal entity linking is a fundamental skill needed for real-world applications such as multimodal code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Iñigo Alonso , Gorka Azkune , Ander Salaberria , Jeremy Barnes , Oier Lopez de Lacalle

The rapid proliferation of LLMs has created a critical evaluation paradox: while LLMs claim multilingual proficiency, comprehensive non-machine-translated benchmarks exist for fewer than 30 languages, leaving >98% of the world's 7,000…

In this paper, we present GEM as a General Evaluation benchmark for Multimodal tasks. Different from existing datasets such as GLUE, SuperGLUE, XGLUE and XTREME that mainly focus on natural language tasks, GEM is a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Lin Su , Nan Duan , Edward Cui , Lei Ji , Chenfei Wu , Huaishao Luo , Yongfei Liu , Ming Zhong , Taroon Bharti , Arun Sacheti

Current multimodal language model (MLM) training approaches overlook the influence of instruction templates. Previous research deals with this problem by leveraging hand-crafted or model-generated templates, failing to investigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Shijian Wang , Linxin Song , Jieyu Zhang , Ryotaro Shimizu , Jiarui Jin , Ao Luo , Yuan Lu , Li Yao , Cunjian Chen , Julian McAuley , Wentao Zhang , Hanqian Wu