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Recent advances in the audio language modeling (ALM) domain tackle audio understanding and text-to-audio generation as separate tasks. Very few studies attempt to unify these tasks -- an essential step toward advanced multimodal reasoning.…

Large audio-language models (LALMs) have achieved near-human performance in sentence-level transcription and emotion recognition. However, existing evaluations focus mainly on surface-level perception, leaving the capacity of models for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Yunchao Wei , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Multimodal Audio-Language Models (ALMs) can understand and reason over both audio and text. Typically, reasoning performance correlates with model size, with the best results achieved by models exceeding 8 billion parameters. However, no…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Soham Deshmukh , Satvik Dixit , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Autoregressive (AR) large audio language models (LALMs) such as Qwen-2.5-Omni have achieved strong performance on audio understanding and interaction, but scaling them remains costly in data and computation, and strictly sequential decoding…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiaming Zhou , Xuxin Cheng , Shiwan Zhao , Yuhang Jia , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai , Yong Qin

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with compositional generalisation, limiting their ability to systematically combine learned components to interpret novel inputs. While architectural modifications, fine-tuning, and data augmentation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Nura Aljaafari , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in understanding audio content for conversational QA tasks. However, these models struggle to accurately understand timestamps for temporal localization (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hualei Wang , Yiming Li , Shuo Ma , Hong Liu , Xiangdong Wang

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) perform well on audio understanding tasks but lack multistep reasoning and tool-calling found in recent Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper presents AudioToolAgent, a framework that coordinates…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Michel Dumontier , Jenia Jitsev

We introduce AudioPaLM, a large language model for speech understanding and generation. AudioPaLM fuses text-based and speech-based language models, PaLM-2 [Anil et al., 2023] and AudioLM [Borsos et al., 2022], into a unified multimodal…

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition. Despite the recent success, current LLMs are not capable of processing…

Understanding and reasoning over non-speech sounds and music are crucial for both humans and AI agents to interact effectively with their environments. In this paper, we introduce Audio Flamingo 2 (AF2), an Audio-Language Model (ALM) with…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong natural language processing capabilities but also inherit and amplify societal biases, including gender bias, raising fairness concerns. Existing debiasing methods face significant limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hongye Qiu , Yue Xu , Meikang Qiu , Wenjie Wang

Large Audio Language Models (LALM) combine the audio perception models and the Large Language Models (LLM) and show a remarkable ability to reason about the input audio, infer the meaning, and understand the intent. However, these systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Saurabhchand Bhati , Yuan Gong , Leonid Karlinsky , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents has necessitated robust memory systems to support cohesive long-term interaction and complex reasoning. Benefiting from the strong capabilities of LLMs, recent research focus has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Weiquan Huang , Zixuan Wang , Hehai Lin , Sudong Wang , Bo Xu , Qian Li , Beier Zhu , Linyi Yang , Chengwei Qin

Although current large audio language models (LALMs) extend text large language models (LLMs) with generic acoustic understanding abilities, they usually suffer from prompt sensitivity, where different instructions of the same intention can…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Yiwei Guo , Bohan Li , Hankun Wang , Zhihan Li , Shuai Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models increasingly drive high-stakes consumer interactions, yet their decision logic often remains opaque. Prevailing explainable AI techniques rely on post hoc numerical feature attributions, which fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Xiang Cheng , Wen Wang , Anindya Ghose

In this work, we extend the instruction-tuned Llama-2 model with end-to-end general-purpose speech processing and reasoning abilities while maintaining the wide range of original LLM capabilities, without using any carefully curated paired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yassir Fathullah , Chunyang Wu , Egor Lakomkin , Ke Li , Junteng Jia , Yuan Shangguan , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Christian Fuegen , Mike Seltzer

Reducing hallucination of Large Language Models (LLMs) is imperative for use in the sciences, where reliability and reproducibility are crucial. However, LLMs inherently lack long-term memory, making it a nontrivial, ad hoc, and inevitably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yuan Chiang , Elvis Hsieh , Chia-Hong Chou , Janosh Riebesell

Audio-Language Models (ALMs), trained on paired audio-text data, are designed to process, understand, and reason about audio-centric multimodal content. Unlike traditional supervised approaches that use predefined labels, ALMs leverage…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yi Su , Jisheng Bai , Qisheng Xu , Kele Xu , Yong Dou

Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been shown to greatly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), and RL-based approaches have been progressively applied to visual multimodal tasks. However, the audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Gang Li , Jizhong Liu , Heinrich Dinkel , Yadong Niu , Junbo Zhang , Jian Luan