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The learner's ability to generate a hypothesis that closely approximates the target function is crucial in machine learning. Achieving this requires sufficient data; however, unauthorized access by an eavesdropping learner can lead to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Jeongho Bang , Wooyeong Song , Kyujin Shin , Yong-Su Kim

Empirical risk minimization stands behind most optimization in supervised machine learning. Under this scheme, labeled data is used to approximate an expected cost (risk), and a learning algorithm updates model-defining parameters in search…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-25 James Schmidt

Ordinal regression is aimed at predicting an ordinal class label. In this paper, we consider its semi-supervised formulation, in which we have unlabeled data along with ordinal-labeled data to train an ordinal regressor. There are several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Taira Tsuchiya , Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

We study the problem of crowdsourced PAC learning of threshold functions. This is a challenging problem and only recently have query-efficient algorithms been established under the assumption that a noticeable fraction of the workers are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Shiwei Zeng , Jie Shen

We consider interactive learning in the realizable setting and develop a general framework to handle problems ranging from best arm identification to active classification. We begin our investigation with the observation that agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Julian Katz-Samuels , Blake Mason , Kevin Jamieson , Rob Nowak

We introduce efficient plug-in (EP) learning, a novel framework for the estimation of heterogeneous causal contrasts, such as the conditional average treatment effect and conditional relative risk. The EP-learning framework enjoys the same…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-20 Lars van der Laan , Marco Carone , Alex Luedtke

We exhibit a family of computably enumerable sets which can be learned within polynomial resource bounds given access only to a teacher, but which requires exponential resources to be learned given access only to a membership oracle. In…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Achilles A. Beros , Colin de la Higuera

In this paper, we propose to combine imitation and reinforcement learning via the idea of reward shaping using an oracle. We study the effectiveness of the near-optimal cost-to-go oracle on the planning horizon and demonstrate that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Wen Sun , J. Andrew Bagnell , Byron Boots

Applications of Reinforcement Learning (RL), in which agents learn to make a sequence of decisions despite lacking complete information about the latent states of the controlled system, that is, they act under partial observability of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Qinghua Liu , Alan Chung , Csaba Szepesvári , Chi Jin

By considering an unreliable oracle in a query-based model of quantum learning, we present a tradeoff relation between the oracle's reliability and the reusability of quantum state of the input data. The tradeoff relation manifests as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Jeongho Bang , Arijit Dutta , Seung-Woo Lee , Jaewan Kim

We give a general result concerning the rates of convergence of penalized empirical risk minimizers (PERM) in the regression model. Then, we consider the problem of agnostic learning of the regression, and give in this context an oracle…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-30 S. Gaïffas , G. Lecué

We study computable probably approximately correct (CPAC) learning, where learners are required to be computable functions. It had been previously observed that the Fundamental Theorem of Statistical Learning, which characterizes PAC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 David Kattermann , Lothar Sebastian Krapp

Due to the inherent imbalance in real-world datasets, na\"ive Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) tends to bias the learning process towards the majority classes, hindering generalization to minority classes. To rebalance the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zitai Wang , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Zhikang Xu , Linchao Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

In this paper we study the differentially private Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) problem in different settings. For smooth (strongly) convex loss function with or without (non)-smooth regularization, we give algorithms that achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Di Wang , Minwei Ye , Jinhui Xu

The classical algorithms for online learning and decision-making have the benefit of achieving the optimal performance guarantees, but suffer from computational complexity limitations when implemented at scale. More recent sophisticated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Guanghui Wang , Zihao Hu , Vidya Muthukumar , Jacob Abernethy

While much progress has been made in understanding the minimax sample complexity of reinforcement learning (RL) -- the complexity of learning on the "worst-case" instance -- such measures of complexity often do not capture the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Andrew Wagenmaker , Kevin Jamieson

We study risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL), a crucial field due to its ability to enhance decision-making in scenarios where it is essential to manage uncertainty and minimize potential adverse outcomes. Particularly, our work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Dake Zhang , Boxiang Lyu , Shuang Qiu , Mladen Kolar , Tong Zhang

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is typically designed to perform well on the average loss, which can result in estimators that are sensitive to outliers, generalize poorly, or treat subgroups unfairly. While many methods aim to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Tian Li , Ahmad Beirami , Maziar Sanjabi , Virginia Smith

Risk-averse Constrained Reinforcement Learning (RaCRL) aims to learn policies that minimise the likelihood of rare and catastrophic constraint violations caused by an environment's inherent randomness. In general, risk-aversion leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 James McCarthy , Radu Marinescu , Elizabeth Daly , Ivana Dusparic

In recent years crowdsourcing has become the method of choice for gathering labeled training data for learning algorithms. Standard approaches to crowdsourcing view the process of acquiring labeled data separately from the process of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Pranjal Awasthi , Avrim Blum , Nika Haghtalab , Yishay Mansour