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The regression discontinuity (RD) design is a popular approach to causal inference in non-randomized studies. This is because it can be used to identify and estimate causal effects under mild conditions. Specifically, for each subject, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-11 George Karabatsos , Stephen G. Walker

The regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental design that can be used to identify and estimate the causal effect of a treatment using observational data. In an RDD, a pre-specified rule is used for treatment assignment,…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-05 Panayiota Constantinou , Aidan G. O'Keeffe

The Regression Discontinuity (RD) design is a quasi-experimental design which emulates a randomised study by exploiting situations where treatment is assigned according to a continuous variable as is common in many drug treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-28 Sara Geneletti , Federico Ricciardi , Aidan O'Keeffe , Gianluca Baio

Standard regression discontinuity design (RDD) models rely on the continuity of expected potential outcomes at the cutoff. The standard continuity assumption can be violated by strategic manipulation of the running variable, which is…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-18 Rahul Singh , Moses Stewart

Explanations of the internal validity of regression discontinuity designs (RDD) generally appeal to the idea that RDDs are ``as good as" random near the treatment cut point. Cattaneo, Frandsen, and Titiunik (2015) are the first to take this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 Sophie Litschwartz

The regression discontinuity (RD) design is a quasi-experimental design that estimates the causal effects of a treatment by exploiting naturally occurring treatment rules. It can be applied in any context where a particular treatment or…

Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) is a popular framework for estimating a causal effect in settings where treatment is assigned if an observed covariate exceeds a fixed threshold. We consider estimation and inference in the common…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Kevin Tao , Y. Samuel Wang , David Ruppert

For non-randomized studies, the regression discontinuity design (RDD) can be used to identify and estimate causal effects from a "locally-randomized" subgroup of subjects, under relatively mild conditions. However, current models focus…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-12 George Karabatsos , Stephen G. Walker

We propose a new estimation method for heterogeneous causal effects which utilizes a regression discontinuity (RD) design for multiple datasets with different thresholds. The standard RD design is frequently used in applied researches, but…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-05-14 Takayuki Toda , Ayako Wakano , Takahiro Hoshino

We present a practical guide for the analysis of regression discontinuity (RD) designs in biomedical contexts. We begin by introducing key concepts, assumptions, and estimands within both the continuity-based framework and the local…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-17 Matias D. Cattaneo , Luke Keele , Rocio Titiunik

Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs rely on the continuity of potential outcome means at the cutoff, but this assumption often fails when other treatments or policies are implemented at this cutoff. We characterize the bias in sharp and…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-25 Dor Leventer , Daniel Nevo

Regression discontinuity design (RDD) is widely adopted for causal inference under intervention determined by a continuous variable. While one is interested in treatment effect heterogeneity by subgroups in many applications, RDD typically…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-11 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Takuya Ishihara , Daisuke Kurisu

Regression discontinuity designs (RDD) are widely used for causal inference. In many empirical applications, treatment effects vary substantially with covariates, and ignoring such heterogeneity can lead to misleading conclusions, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Daisuke Kondo , Shonosuke Sugasawa

Regression discontinuity designs have been widely used in observational studies to estimate causal effects of an intervention or treatment at a cutoff point. We propose a generalization of regression discontinuity designs to handle complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-24 Daisuke Kurisu , Yidong Zhou , Taisuke Otsu , Hans-Georg Müller

This article introduces Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) with Distribution-Valued Outcomes (R3D), extending the standard RDD framework to settings where the outcome is a distribution rather than a scalar. Such settings arise when…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-08 David Van Dijcke

The regression discontinuity (RD) design is widely used for program evaluation with observational data. The primary focus of the existing literature has been the estimation of the local average treatment effect at the existing treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-05 Yi Zhang , Eli Ben-Michael , Kosuke Imai

Regression discontinuity designs (RDDs) are a common quasi-experiment in economics and statistics. The most popular methodologies for analyzing RDDs utilize continuity-based assumptions and local polynomial regression, but recent works have…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-06 Zach Branson , Fabrizia Mealli

Quasi-experimental evaluations are central for generating real-world causal evidence and complementing insights from randomized trials. The regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental design that can be used to estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Maximilian Schuessler , Erik Sverdrup , Robert Tibshirani , Stefan Wager

Treatment effects in regression discontinuity designs (RDDs) are often estimated using local regression methods. \cite{Hahn:01} demonstrated that the identification of the average treatment effect at the cutoff in RDDs relies on the…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-30 Weiwei Jiang , Rong J. B. Zhu

Conventionally, regression discontinuity analysis contrasts a univariate regression's limits as its independent variable, $R$, approaches a cut-point, $c$, from either side. Alternative methods target the average treatment effect in a small…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-21 Adam C. Sales , Ben B. Hansen
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