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The imperative task of revising or updating the knowledge stored within large language models arises from two distinct sources: intrinsic errors inherent in the model which should be corrected and outdated knowledge due to external shifts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Xunjian Yin , Jin Jiang , Liming Yang , Xiaojun Wan

Lifelong model editing (LME) aims to sequentially rectify outdated or inaccurate knowledge in deployed LLMs while minimizing side effects on unrelated inputs. However, existing approaches typically apply parameter perturbations to a static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yangfan Wang , Tianyang Sun , Chen Tang , Jie Liu , Wei Cai , Jingchi Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have learned vast amounts of factual knowledge through self-supervised pre-training on large-scale corpora. Meanwhile, LLMs have also demonstrated excellent multilingual capabilities, which can express the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Pengfei Cao , Yuheng Chen , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Evaluating true metacognition in Large Language Models (LLMs) is difficult due to biases and heuristics. This paper presents a framework to measure and enhance LLM metacognition while controlling for these biases. A measurement method using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sangjun Park , Elliot Meyerson , Xin Qiu , Risto Miikkulainen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on various natural language tasks. However, they are trained on static corpora and their knowledge can become outdated quickly in the fast-changing world. This motivates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tianci Liu , Ruirui Li , Zihan Dong , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qingyu Yin , Linjun Zhang , Haoyu Wang , Jing Gao

Although large language models (LLMs) excel in knowledge recall and reasoning, their static nature leads to outdated information as the real world evolves or when adapting to domain-specific knowledge, highlighting the need for effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ruoxi Xu , Yunjie Ji , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Ben He , Yingfei Sun , Xiangang Li , Le Sun

Knowledge editing aims to update outdated or incorrect knowledge in large language models (LLMs). However, current knowledge editing methods have limited scalability for lifelong editing. This study explores the fundamental reason why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Chenhui Hu , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) has revolutionized the field of natural language processing, enabling significant progress in various applications. One key area of interest is the construction of Knowledge Bases (KB) using these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Anmol Nayak , Hari Prasad Timmapathini

Language models are known to encode a great amount of factual knowledge through pretraining. However, such knowledge might be insufficient to cater to user requests, requiring the model to integrate external knowledge sources and adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Sizhe Zhou , Sha Li , Yu Meng , Yizhu Jiao , Heng Ji , Jiawei Han

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) is a key technique for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. In this paper, we study leveraging knowledge graph embeddings to improve the effectiveness of PEFT. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Xindi Luo , Zequn Sun , Jing Zhao , Zhe Zhao , Wei Hu

Efficient knowledge editing of large language models is crucial for replacing obsolete information or incorporating specialized knowledge on a large scale. However, previous methods implicitly assume that knowledge is localized and isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Zihao Wei , Liang Pang , Hanxing Ding , Jingcheng Deng , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable performance in high-resource languages. However, their effectiveness diminishes significantly in the contexts of low-resource languages. Current multilingual enhancement methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yufei Gao , Jiaying Fei , Nuo Chen , Ruirui Chen , Guohang Yan , Yunshi Lan , Botian Shi

Knowledge editing has emerged as a lightweight alternative to retraining for correcting or injecting specific facts in large language models (LLMs). Meanwhile, fine-tuning remains the default operation for adapting LLMs to new domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yinjie Cheng , Paul Youssef , Christin Seifert , Jörg Schlötterer , Zhixue Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) can effectively handle outdated information through knowledge editing. However, current approaches face two key limitations: (I) Poor generalization: Most approaches rigidly inject new knowledge without ensuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jinhu Fu , Yan Bai , Longzhu He , Yihang Lou , Yanxiao Zhao , Li Sun , Sen Su

Knowledge-enhanced language models (KELMs) have emerged as promising tools to bridge the gap between large-scale language models and domain-specific knowledge. KELMs can achieve higher factual accuracy and mitigate hallucinations by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Alexander Fichtl , Juraj Vladika , Georg Groh

Large language models (LLMs) can make predictions using parametric knowledge--knowledge encoded in the model weights--or contextual knowledge--knowledge presented in the context. In many scenarios, a desirable behavior is that LLMs give…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yingfa Chen , Zhengyan Zhang , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu , Chen Chen , Kuai Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) store vast amounts of knowledge, which often requires updates to correct factual errors, incorporate newly acquired information, or adapt model behavior. Model editing methods have emerged as efficient solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Fufang Wen , Shichang Zhang

The ability to organically reason over and with both text and images is a pillar of human intelligence, yet the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to perform such multimodal reasoning remains under-explored. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yunzhuo Hao , Jiawei Gu , Huichen Will Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Yu Cheng

The general capabilities of large language models (LLMs) make them the infrastructure for various AI applications, but updating their inner knowledge requires significant resources. Recent model editing is a promising technique for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xiaopeng Li , Shasha Li , Shezheng Song , Huijun Liu , Bin Ji , Xi Wang , Jun Ma , Jie Yu , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Wang , Weimin Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) often produce incorrect or outdated information, necessitating efficient and precise knowledge updates. Current model editing methods, however, struggle with long-form knowledge in diverse formats, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Houcheng Jiang , Junfeng Fang , Ningyu Zhang , Guojun Ma , Mingyang Wan , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Tat-seng Chua