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Proper losses such as cross-entropy incentivize classifiers to produce class probabilities that are well-calibrated on the training data. Due to the generalization gap, these classifiers tend to become overconfident on the test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Viacheslav Komisarenko , Meelis Kull

Machine learning classifiers often produce probabilistic predictions that are critical for accurate and interpretable decision-making in various domains. The quality of these predictions is generally evaluated with proper losses, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Eugène Berta , David Holzmüller , Michael I. Jordan , Francis Bach

Although overparameterized models have shown their success on many machine learning tasks, the accuracy could drop on the testing distribution that is different from the training one. This accuracy drop still limits applying machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yiping Lu , Wenlong Ji , Zachary Izzo , Lexing Ying

In many classification applications, the prediction of a deep neural network (DNN) based classifier needs to be accompanied by some confidence indication. Two popular approaches for that aim are: 1) Calibration: modifies the classifier's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lahav Dabah , Tom Tirer

Recommender systems utilize users' historical data to learn and predict their future interests, providing them with suggestions tailored to their tastes. Calibration ensures that the distribution of recommended item categories is consistent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei , Hossein A. Rahmani , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Nasim Sonboli

This paper provides both an introduction to and a detailed overview of the principles and practice of classifier calibration. A well-calibrated classifier correctly quantifies the level of uncertainty or confidence associated with its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Telmo Silva Filho , Hao Song , Miquel Perello-Nieto , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Meelis Kull , Peter Flach

Machine learning models typically focus on specific targets like creating classifiers, often based on known population feature distributions in a business context. However, models calculating individual features adapt over time to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Emanuele Luzio , Moacir Antonelli Ponti , Christian Ramirez Arevalo , Luis Argerich

Calibration, the practice of choosing the parameters of a structural model to match certain empirical moments, can be viewed as minimum distance estimation. Existing standard error formulas for such estimators require a consistent estimate…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-19 Matthew D. Cocci , Mikkel Plagborg-Møller

Reliable uncertainty estimates are an important tool for helping autonomous agents or human decision makers understand and leverage predictive models. However, existing approaches to estimating uncertainty largely ignore the possibility of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Sangdon Park , Osbert Bastani , James Weimer , Insup Lee

We propose a novel methodology for general multi-class classification in arbitrary feature spaces, which results in a potentially well-calibrated classifier. Calibrated classifiers are important in many applications because, in addition to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-22 Raoul Heese , Jochen Schmid , Michał Walczak , Michael Bortz

This paper explores the calibration of a classifier output score in binary classification problems. A calibrator is a function that maps the arbitrary classifier score, of a testing observation, onto $[0,1]$ to provide an estimate for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Waleed A. Yousef , Issa Traore , William Briguglio

We consider the task of training machine learning models with data-dependent constraints. Such constraints often arise as empirical versions of expected value constraints that enforce fairness or stability goals. We reformulate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-18 Songkai Xue , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

A much studied issue is the extent to which the confidence scores provided by machine learning algorithms are calibrated to ground truth probabilities. Our starting point is that calibration is seemingly incompatible with class weighting, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Andrew Caplin , Daniel Martin , Philip Marx

In safety-critical applications a probabilistic model is usually required to be calibrated, i.e., to capture the uncertainty of its predictions accurately. In multi-class classification, calibration of the most confident predictions only is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-30 David Widmann , Fredrik Lindsten , Dave Zachariah

Uncertainty quantification in automated image analysis is highly desired in many applications. Typically, machine learning models in classification or segmentation are only developed to provide binary answers; however, quantifying the…

Standard methods in computer model calibration treat the calibration parameters as constant throughout the domain of control inputs. In many applications, systematic variation may cause the best values for the calibration parameters to…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-09 D. Andrew Brown , Sez Atamturktur

We study the problem of semantic segmentation calibration. Lots of solutions have been proposed to approach model miscalibration of confidence in image classification. However, to date, confidence calibration research on semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Dongdong Wang , Boqing Gong , Liqiang Wang

A reliable deep learning system should be able to accurately express its confidence with respect to its predictions, a quality known as calibration. One of the most effective ways to produce reliable confidence estimates with a pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Thomas P. Zollo , Zhun Deng , Jake C. Snell , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

Calibration can reduce overconfident predictions of deep neural networks, but can calibration also accelerate training? In this paper, we show that it can when used to prioritize some examples for performing subset selection. We study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Ganesh Tata , Gautham Krishna Gudur , Gopinath Chennupati , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan

The deployment of machine learning classifiers in high-stakes domains requires well-calibrated confidence scores for model predictions. In this paper we introduce the notion of variable-based calibration to characterize calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Markelle Kelly , Padhraic Smyth