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Satellite communication offers Internet connectivity to remote locations, such as villages, deserts, mountains, and at sea. However, transmitting content over satellite networks is significantly more expensive than traditional Internet. To…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zhiyuan He , Yi Xu , Cheng Luo , Lili Qiu , Yuqing Yang

Streaming videos from resource-constrained front-end devices over networks to resource-rich cloud servers has long been a common practice for surveillance and analytics. Most existing live video analytics (LVA) systems, however, have been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Miao Zhang , Jiaxing Li , Haoyuan Zhao , Linfeng Shen , Jiangchuan Liu

A Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation consists of a large number of small satellites traveling in space with high mobility and collecting vast amounts of mobility data such as cloud movement for weather forecast, large herds of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

In this paper, we investigate the performance of large-scale heterogeneous low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks in the context of three association schemes. In contrast to existing studies, where single-tier LEO satellite-based network…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuan Guo , Christodoulos Skouroumounis , Symeon Chatzinotas , Ioannis Krikidis

The rapid proliferation of satellite constellations, particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), has fundamentally altered the global space infrastructure, shifting the risk landscape from purely kinetic collisions to complex cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mark Ballard , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

In recent years, the number of satellites in orbit has increased rapidly, with megaconstellations like Starlink providing near-global, delay-sensitive communication services. However, not all satellite communication use cases have stringent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ethan Fettes , Pablo G. Madoery , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Abhishek Naik , Stéphane Martel

LEO satellite constellation coverage has served as the base platform for various space applications. However, the rapidly evolving security environment such as orbit debris and adversarial space threats are greatly endangering the security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-07 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

We present the result of a proof-of-concept simulation designed to classify LEO satellites based on their occultations of background stars. We generate satellite shapes drawn from two broad shape classes, 'boxwing' and 'square'. We then…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Benjamin F. Cooke , Don Pollacco , James A. Blake , Paul Chote , Stuart Eves , Will Feline , Grant Privett

This paper addresses the complexities of entanglement distribution in LEO satellite networks, particularly those arising from their dynamic topology. Traditional static and dynamic entanglement distribution methods often result in high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-26 Seid Koudia , Junaid ur Rehman , Symeon Chatzinotas

The highly dynamic nature of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduces challenges that existing transport protocols fail to address, including non-congestive latency variation and loss, transient congestion hotspots, and frequent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aiden Valentine , Ian Wakeman , George Parisis

The real-time routing for satellite communication of the mega-constellations is being challenged due to the large-scale of network nodes, especially on devices with limited computation such as onboard embedded systems. In this paper, a fast…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Shenshen Luan , Luyuan Wang , Yepeng Liu , Ninghan Sun , Ran Zhang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Earth Observation (EO) satellites have changed the way we monitor Earth. Acting like moving cameras, EO satellites are formed in constellations with different missions and priorities, and capture vast data that needs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaojian Wang , Ruozhou Yu , Dejun Yang , Guoliang Xue

Recent advancements in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites represented by large constellations and advanced payloads provide great promises for enabling beyond 5G and 6G telecommunications and high-quality and ubiquitous Internet connectivity…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Peng Hu

This paper presents a study of an integrated satellite-terrestrial network, where Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to provide the backhaul link between base stations (BSs) and the core network. The mobility of LEO satellites raises…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

Xona is deploying Pulsar, a low Earth orbit (LEO) commercial navigation system designed to deliver resilient positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) where traditional solutions fall short. Pulsar satellites broadcast dedicated signals…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Thyagaraja Marathe , Tyler G. R. Reid , Srinivas Tantry , Michael O'Meara

Recently, the increasing deployment of LEO satellite systems has enabled various space analytics (e.g., crop and climate monitoring), which heavily relies on the advancements in deep learning (DL). However, the intermittent connectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zheng Lin , Yuxin Zhang , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Cong Wu , Xianhao Chen , Yue Gao , Jun Luo

Optical inter-satellite links (ISLs) are becoming the principal communication backbone in modern large-scale LEO constellations, offering multi-Gb/s capacity and near speed-of-light latency. However, the extreme sensitivity of optical beams…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Rula Ammuri , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe

In this paper, we present an open-source measurement platform designed to characterize the performance of commercial cellular (Verizon, a major US provider) and LEO satellite (Starlink) networks through real-world flight tests in rural…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sravan Reddy Chintareddy , Sherwan Jalal Abdullah , Justin D. Clough , Victor S. Frost , Shawn Keshmiri , Morteza Hashemi

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites undergo a period of rapid development driven by ever-increasing user demands, reduced costs, and technological progress. Since there is a paucity of literature on the security and reliability issues of LEO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Pingyue Yue , Jianping An , Jiankang Zhang , Jia Ye , Gaofeng Pan , Shuai Wang , Pei Xiao , Lajos Hanzo