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Large multimodal models (LMMs) combine unimodal encoders and large language models (LLMs) to perform multimodal tasks. Despite recent advancements towards the interpretability of these models, understanding internal representations of LMMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jayneel Parekh , Pegah Khayatan , Mustafa Shukor , Alasdair Newson , Matthieu Cord

Recently, the remarkable advance of the Large Language Model (LLM) has inspired researchers to transfer its extraordinary reasoning capability to both vision and language data. However, the prevailing approaches primarily regard the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Chao Liao , Jianchao Tan , Quzhe Huang , Bin Chen , Chenyi Lei , An Liu , Chengru Song , Xiaoqiang Lei , Di Zhang , Wenwu Ou , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

Despite the remarkable success of the LLaVA architecture for vision-language tasks, its design inherently struggles to effectively integrate visual features due to the inherent mismatch between text and vision modalities. We tackle this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Dongwan Kim , Viresh Ranjan , Takashi Nagata , Arnab Dhua , Amit Kumar K C

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

In recent times, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been trained under two predominant paradigms. Generative training has enabled Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to tackle various complex tasks, yet issues such as hallucinations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Wei Chow , Juncheng Li , Qifan Yu , Kaihang Pan , Hao Fei , Zhiqi Ge , Shuai Yang , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang , Qianru Sun

A 3D scene graph represents a compact scene model by capturing both the objects present and the semantic relationships between them, making it a promising structure for robotic applications. To effectively interact with users, an embodied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Tatiana Zemskova , Dmitry Yudin

Large Language Models (LLMs), with remarkable conversational capability, have emerged as AI assistants that can handle both visual and textual modalities. However, their effectiveness in joint video and language understanding has not been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ruipu Luo , Ziwang Zhao , Min Yang , Zheming Yang , Minghui Qiu , Tao Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Yanhao Wang , Cen Chen

Referring image segmentation is a fundamental vision-language task that aims to segment out an object referred to by a natural language expression from an image. One of the key challenges behind this task is leveraging the referring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Zhao Yang , Jiaqi Wang , Yansong Tang , Kai Chen , Hengshuang Zhao , Philip H. S. Torr

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant progress in image and language tasks due to the strong reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, most MLLMs suffer from limited spatial reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Jiajie Guo , Qingpeng Zhu , Jin Zeng , Xiaolong Wu , Changyong He , Weida Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine a vision encoder and a large language model (LLM) through alignment training, showing strong performance on multimodal tasks. A central component in this architecture is the projection layer, which maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Raehyuk Jung , Seungjun Yu , Hyunjung Shim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in general multi-modal understanding; yet they struggle to efficiently acquire continually evolving domain-specific skills. Conventional approaches to enhancing VLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhiyu Xu , Lean Wang , Yuanxin Liu , Lei Li , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

The advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has enabled impressive perception capabilities. However, their reasoning process often remains a "fast thinking" paradigm, reliant on end-to-end generation or explicit,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yiming Zhang , Qiangyu Yan , Borui Jiang , Kai Han

Multimodal large language models have experienced rapid growth, and numerous different models have emerged. The interpretability of LVLMs remains an under-explored area. Especially when faced with more complex tasks such as chain-of-thought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Xiaofeng Zhang , Fanshuo Zeng , Yihao Quan , Zheng Hui , Jiawei Yao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled a wide range of advanced vision-language applications, including fine-grained object recognition and contextual understanding. When querying specific regions or objects in an image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mingjie Xu , Jinpeng Chen , Yuzhi Zhao , Jason Chun Lok Li , Yue Qiu , Zekang Du , Mengyang Wu , Pingping Zhang , Kun Li , Hongzheng Yang , Wenao Ma , Jiaheng Wei , Qinbin Li , Kangcheng Liu , Wenqiang Lei

Vision-language models (VLMs) classify the query video by calculating a similarity score between the visual features and text-based class label representations. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been used to enrich the text-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Adeel Yousaf , Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs), benefiting from the auto-regressive modelling approach performed on massive unannotated texts corpora, demonstrates powerful perceptual and reasoning capabilities. However, as for extending auto-regressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tianshuo Peng , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao , Ping Wang , Bo Du

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable progress in visual understanding and language-based reasoning, yet they lack a persistent world-centered representation for spatially consistent reasoning in 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bo Gu , Zhikang Zhang , Zizhuang Wei , Zhenyuan Chen , Lingyun Li , Zhuoyi Song

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) integrate image encoders with Large Language Models (LLMs) to process multi-modal inputs and perform complex visual tasks. However, they often generate hallucinations by describing non-existent objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yaqi Sun , Kyohei Atarashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

To bridge the gap between vision and language modalities, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) usually learn an adapter that converts visual inputs to understandable tokens for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, most adapters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yue Zhang , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang