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Detecting Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements in GUI images is a domain-specific object detection task. It supports many software engineering tasks, such as GUI animation and testing, GUI search and code generation. Existing studies for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Jieshan Chen , Mulong Xie , Zhenchang Xing , Chunyang Chen , Xiwei Xu , Liming Zhu , Guoqiang Li

Graphical User Interface (GUI) has become one of the most significant parts of mobile applications (apps). It is a direct bridge between mobile apps and end users, which directly affects the end user's experience. Neglecting GUI quality can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Ziyuan Tuo , Quanjun Zhang , Chunyang Chen , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Multimodal Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable powerful applications from their fused understanding of images and language, but many perform poorly on UI tasks due to the lack of UI training data. In this paper, we adapt a recipe for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yue Jiang , Eldon Schoop , Amanda Swearngin , Jeffrey Nichols

While vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks combining textual and visual information, they continue to struggle with fine-grained visual perception tasks that require detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhehao Zhang , Ryan Rossi , Tong Yu , Franck Dernoncourt , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Sungchul Kim , Xiang Chen , Zichao Wang , Nedim Lipka

Existing Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents operate through step-by-step calls to vision language models--taking a screenshot, reasoning about the next action, executing it, then repeating on the new page--resulting in high costs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongbin Zhong , Fazle Faisal , Luis França , Tanakorn Leesatapornwongsa , Adriana Szekeres , Kexin Rong , Suman Nath

Computer-use agents (CUAs) powered by large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising approach to automating computer tasks, yet they struggle with the existing human-oriented OS interfaces - graphical user interfaces (GUIs). GUIs…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yuan Wang , Mingyu Li , Haibo Chen

Most existing GUI agents typically depend on non-vision inputs like HTML source code or accessibility trees, limiting their flexibility across diverse software environments and platforms. Current multimodal large language models (MLLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yiqin Wang , Haoji Zhang , Jingqi Tian , Yansong Tang

Instruction-following agents must ground language into their observation and action spaces. Learning to ground language is challenging, typically requiring domain-specific engineering or large quantities of human interaction data. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Theodore Sumers , Kenneth Marino , Arun Ahuja , Rob Fergus , Ishita Dasgupta

Large-scale, high-quality interaction trajectories are essential for advancing mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. While existing methods typically rely on labor-intensive human demonstrations or automated model exploration to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Linjia Kang , Zhimin Wang , Yongkang Zhang , Duo Wu , Jinghe Wang , Ming Ma , Haopeng Yan , Zhi Wang

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remain poorly characterized in multi-step visual interactions, particularly in how they integrate perception, memory, and action over long horizons. We introduce VisGym, a gymnasium of 17 environments…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zirui Wang , Junyi Zhang , Jiaxin Ge , Long Lian , Letian Fu , Lisa Dunlap , Ken Goldberg , XuDong Wang , Ion Stoica , David M. Chan , Sewon Min , Joseph E. Gonzalez

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advance, MLLM-based virtual agents have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, existing benchmarks face significant limitations, including uncontrollable task complexity, extensive manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wendong Bu , Yang Wu , Qifan Yu , Minghe Gao , Bingchen Miao , Zhenkui Zhang , Kaihang Pan , Yunfei Li , Mengze Li , Wei Ji , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to navigate in a real-world environment following natural language instructions. From both the textual and visual perspectives, we find that the relationships among the scene, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yicong Hong , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Yuankai Qi , Qi Wu , Stephen Gould

As large language models (LLMs) continue to improve in reasoning and decision-making, there is a growing need for realistic and interactive environments where their abilities can be rigorously evaluated. We present VirtualEnv, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kabir Swain , Sijie Han , Ayush Raina , Jin Zhang , Shuang Li , Michael Stopa , Antonio Torralba

Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit advanced capabilities in tasks that require visual information, including object detection. These capabilities have promising applications in various industrial domains, such as autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haruki Sakajo , Hiroshi Takato , Hiroshi Tsutsui , Komei Soda , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated human-like computer control capability. Despite their utility in advancing digital automation, a critical bottleneck persists: collecting…

Despite their success, current training pipelines for reasoning VLMs focus on a limited range of tasks, such as mathematical and logical reasoning. As a result, these models face difficulties in generalizing their reasoning capabilities to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuheng Zha , Kun Zhou , Yujia Wu , Yushu Wang , Jie Feng , Zhi Xu , Shibo Hao , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

LLM-based (Large Language Model) GUI (Graphical User Interface) agents can potentially reshape our daily lives significantly. However, current LLM-based GUI agents suffer from the scarcity of high-quality training data owing to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Danyang Zhang , Situo Zhang , Ziyue Yang , Zichen Zhu , Zihan Zhao , Ruisheng Cao , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Graphical user interface (GUI) has become integral to modern society, making it crucial to be understood for human-centric systems. However, unlike natural images or documents, GUIs comprise artificially designed graphical elements arranged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Ziwei Wang , Weizhi Chen , Leyang Yang , Sheng Zhou , Shengchu Zhao , Hanbei Zhan , Jiongchao Jin , Liangcheng Li , Zirui Shao , Jiajun Bu

Learning to navigate in a visual environment following natural-language instructions is a challenging task, because the multimodal inputs to the agent are highly variable, and the training data on a new task is often limited. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Weituo Hao , Chunyuan Li , Xiujun Li , Lawrence Carin , Jianfeng Gao

Progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) faces significant bottlenecks, particularly in rigorously evaluating complex interactive systems and acquiring the vast interaction data needed for training adaptive agents. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Krisztian Balog , ChengXiang Zhai