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The potential for zero-shot generalization in vision-language (V-L) models such as CLIP has spurred their widespread adoption in addressing numerous downstream tasks. Previous methods have employed test-time prompt tuning to adapt the model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Anant Khandelwal

Prompt tuning of large-scale vision-language models such as CLIP enables efficient task adaptation without updating model weights. However, it often leads to poor confidence calibration and unreliable predictive uncertainty. We address this…

Recent advances in large language and vision-language models have enabled zero-shot inference, allowing models to solve new tasks without task-specific training. Various adaptation techniques such as prompt engineering, In-Context Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Artyom Gadetsky , Andrei Atanov , Yulun Jiang , Zhitong Gao , Ghazal Hosseini Mighan , Amir Zamir , Maria Brbic

Test-time alignment (TTA) aims to adapt models to specific rewards during inference. However, existing methods tend to either under-optimise or over-optimise (reward hack) the target reward function. We propose Null-Text Test-Time Alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Taehoon Kim , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show promise as zero-shot goal-conditioned value functions, but their frozen pre-trained representations limit generalization and temporal reasoning. We introduce VITA, a zero-shot value function learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Christos Ziakas , Alessandra Russo

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has gained increasing popularity due to its efficacy in addressing ``distribution shift'' issue while simultaneously protecting data privacy. However, most prior methods assume that a paired source domain model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Aiming Zhang , Tianyuan Yu , Liang Bai , Jun Tang , Yanming Guo , Yirun Ruan , Yun Zhou , Zhihe Lu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have gained widespread attention for their strong zero-shot capabilities across numerous downstream tasks. However, these models assume that each test image's class label is drawn from a predefined label set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yongguang Li , Jindong Li , Qi Wang , Qianli Xing , Runliang Niu , Shengsheng Wang , Menglin Yang

Contrastive Vision-Language Pre-training, known as CLIP, has provided a new paradigm for learning visual representations by using large-scale contrastive image-text pairs. It shows impressive performance on zero-shot knowledge transfer to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Renrui Zhang , Rongyao Fang , Wei Zhang , Peng Gao , Kunchang Li , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

CLIP has achieved impressive zero-shot performance after pre-training on a large-scale dataset consisting of paired image-text data. Previous works have utilized CLIP by incorporating manually designed visual prompts like colored circles…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiedong Zhuang , Jiaqi Hu , Lianrui Mu , Rui Hu , Xiaoyu Liang , Jiangnan Ye , Haoji Hu

Vision-language foundation models such as CLIP have shown impressive zero-shot performance on many tasks and datasets, especially thanks to their free-text inputs. However, they struggle to handle some downstream tasks, such as fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Denis Coquenet , Clément Rambour , Emanuele Dalsasso , Nicolas Thome

This paper presents a novel method that leverages a visual-language model, CLIP, as a data source for zero-shot anomaly detection. Tremendous efforts have been put towards developing anomaly detectors due to their potential industrial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Masato Tamura

Prompt learning has become one of the most efficient paradigms for adapting large pre-trained vision-language models to downstream tasks. Current state-of-the-art methods, like CoOp and ProDA, tend to adopt soft prompts to learn an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sifan Long , Zhen Zhao , Junkun Yuan , Zichang Tan , Jiangjiang Liu , Luping Zhou , Shengsheng Wang , Jingdong Wang

Vision-Language Models like CLIP create aligned embedding spaces for text and images, making it possible for anyone to build a visual classifier by simply naming the classes they want to distinguish. However, a model that works well in one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kevin Robbins , Xiaotong Liu , Yu Wu , Le Sun , Grady McPeak , Abby Stylianou , Robert Pless

Contrastive Vision-Language Pre-training, known as CLIP, has provided a new paradigm for learning visual representations using large-scale image-text pairs. It shows impressive performance on downstream tasks by zero-shot knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Renrui Zhang , Zhang Wei , Rongyao Fang , Peng Gao , Kunchang Li , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

In recent studies on domain adaptation, significant emphasis has been placed on the advancement of learning shared knowledge from a source domain to a target domain. Recently, the large vision-language pre-trained model, i.e., CLIP has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ruoyu Feng , Tao Yu , Xin Jin , Xiaoyuan Yu , Lei Xiao , Zhibo Chen

Recent approaches leveraging multi-modal pre-trained models like CLIP for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) have shown significant promise in bridging domain gaps and improving generalization by utilizing rich semantic knowledge and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tung-Long Vuong , Hoang Phan , Vy Vo , Anh Bui , Thanh-Toan Do , Trung Le , Dinh Phung

Finetuning image-text models such as CLIP achieves state-of-the-art accuracies on a variety of benchmarks. However, recent works like WiseFT (Wortsman et al., 2021) and LP-FT (Kumar et al., 2022) have shown that even subtle differences in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Sachin Goyal , Ananya Kumar , Sankalp Garg , Zico Kolter , Aditi Raghunathan

Large-scale vision-language models such as CLIP have achieved remarkable success in zero-shot image recognition, yet their predictions remain largely opaque to human understanding. In contrast, Concept Bottleneck Models provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Onat Ozdemir , Anders Christensen , Stephan Alaniz , Zeynep Akata , Emre Akbas

Vision-language models such as CLIP learn a generic text-image embedding from large-scale training data. A vision-language model can be adapted to a new classification task through few-shot prompt tuning. We find that such a prompt tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Cheng-En Wu , Yu Tian , Haichao Yu , Heng Wang , Pedro Morgado , Yu Hen Hu , Linjie Yang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP demonstrate strong zero-shot generalization, but their performance significantly degrades in cross-domain scenarios with scarce target-domain training data (Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning, CDFSL).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuai Yi , Yixiong Zou , Yuhua Li , Ruixuan Li