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One of the long-standing goals in optimisation and constraint programming is to describe a problem in natural language and automatically obtain an executable, efficient model. Large language models appear to bring this vision closer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alessio Pellegrino , Jacopo Mauro

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation requires models to effectively integrate visual representations with open-vocabulary semantic labels. While Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models shine in recognizing visual concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Mengcheng Lan , Chaofeng Chen , Yiping Ke , Xinjiang Wang , Litong Feng , Wayne Zhang

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are powerful generative tools but often produce factually inaccurate outputs due to a lack of robust reasoning capabilities. While extensive research has been conducted on integrating external knowledge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shamima Hossain

Vision Language Models (VLMs) provide rich semantic priors but are underexplored in Semi supervised Semantic Segmentation. Recent attempts to integrate VLMs to inject high level semantics overlook the semantic misalignment between visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Numair Nadeem , Saeed Anwar , Muhammad Hamza Asad , Abdul Bais

The performance of vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, in visual classification tasks, has been enhanced by leveraging semantic knowledge from large language models (LLMs), including GPT. Recent studies have shown that in zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hankyeol Lee , Gawon Seo , Wonseok Choi , Geunyoung Jung , Kyungwoo Song , Jiyoung Jung

Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (VWSD) is a novel challenging task that lies between linguistic sense disambiguation and fine-grained multimodal retrieval. The recent advancements in the development of visiolinguistic (VL) transformers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Anastasia Kritharoula , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged, demonstrating remarkable vision-understanding capabilities. However, training these models requires large-scale datasets, which brings challenges related to efficiency, effectiveness, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zheng Liu , Hao Liang , Bozhou Li , Wentao Xiong , Chong Chen , Conghui He , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in tasks requiring a fine-grained understanding of literal meaning in images and text, such as visual question-answering or visual entailment. However, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Arkadiy Saakyan , Shreyas Kulkarni , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Smaranda Muresan

The abilities of large language models (LLMs) have recently progressed to unprecedented levels, paving the way to novel applications in a wide variety of areas. In computer vision, LLMs can be used to prime vision-language tasks such image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Théophane Vallaeys , Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord , Jakob Verbeek

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success on a wide range of math and reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that they often struggle when faced with unreasonable math problems. Instead of recognizing these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Ma , Damai Dai , Zihang Yuan , Rui li , Weilin Luo , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on visual question answering benchmarks, yet often rely on spurious correlations rather than genuine causal reasoning. Existing evaluations primarily assess the correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Dhita Putri Pratama , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding

Unified Multimodal Large Language Models (U-MLLMs) integrate understanding and generation within a single architecture. However, existing evaluations typically assess these capabilities separately, overlooking semantic equivalence, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hongbo Jiang , Jie Li , Yunhang Shen , Pingyang Dai , Xing Sun , Haoyu Cao , Liujuan Cao

Medical reports with substantial information can be naturally complementary to medical images for computer vision tasks, and the modality gap between vision and language can be solved by vision-language matching (VLM). However, current…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Chen Wenting , Liu Jie , Yuan Yixuan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual modules for visual content reasoning, including through captioning and DeepFake detection. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability of VLMs when exposed to subtle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Yansong Gao , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Shapes and textures are the basic building blocks of visual perception. The ability to identify shapes regardless of orientation, texture, or context, and to recognize textures and materials independently of their associated objects, is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Sagi Eppel , Mor Bismut , Alona Faktor-Strugatski

Language models (LM) are very powerful in lipreading systems. Language models built upon the ground truth utterances of datasets learn grammar and structure rules of words and sentences (the latter in the case of continuous speech).…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-09-19 Helen L Bear

Vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained at large scale have shown unprecedented transferability capabilities and are being progressively integrated into medical image analysis. Although its discriminative potential has been widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Julio Silva-Rodríguez , Leo Fillioux , Paul-Henry Cournède , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

The rapid development of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has navigated a paradigm shift in computer vision, moving towards versatile foundational models. However, evaluating MLLMs in low-level visual perception and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zicheng Zhang , Haoning Wu , Erli Zhang , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

Resolving semantic ambiguity has long been recognised as a central challenge in the field of Machine Translation. Recent work on benchmarking translation performance on ambiguous sentences has exposed the limitations of conventional Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vivek Iyer , Pinzhen Chen , Alexandra Birch

Chart understanding requires models to effectively analyze and reason about numerical data, textual elements, and complex visual components. Our observations reveal that the perception capabilities of existing large vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Junteng Liu , Weihao Zeng , Xiwen Zhang , Yijun Wang , Zifei Shan , Junxian He