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We present a statistical method based on a maximum likelihood approach to constrain the number counts of extragalactic sources below the nominal flux-density limit of continuum imaging surveys. We extract flux densities from a radio map…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Ketron Mitchell-Wynne , Mario G. Santos , Jose Afonso , Matt J. Jarvis

Exploring the possibility that fundamental constants of Nature might vary temporally or spatially constitutes one of the key science drivers for the European Southern Observatory's ESPRESSO spectrograph on the VLT and for the HIRES…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-21 Chung-Chi Lee , John K. Webb , R. F. Carswell , Dinko Milaković

Data subsampling has become widely recognized as a tool to overcome computational and economic bottlenecks in analyzing massive datasets. We contribute to the development of adaptive design for estimation of finite population…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-08 Henrik Imberg , Xiaomi Yang , Carol Flannagan , Jonas Bärgman

Recent studies have demonstrated improved skill in numerical weather prediction via the use of spatially correlated observation error covariance information in data assimilation systems. In this case, the observation weighting matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-05 Guannan Hu , Sarah L. Dance

Time series classification is a fundamental machine learning task with broad real-world applications. Although many deep learning methods have proven effective in learning time-series data for classification, they were originally developed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wenbin Pei , Ruohao Dai , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Yiu-Ming Cheung

Raw moments are used as a way to estimate species abundance distribution. The almost linear pattern of the log transformation of raw moments across scales allow us to extrapolate species abundance distribution for larger areas. However,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-06 Saeid Alirezazadeh , Khadijeh Alibabaei

Citizen science databases that consist of volunteer-led sampling efforts of species communities are relied on as essential sources of data in ecology. Summarizing such data across counties with frequentist-valid prediction sets for each…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-28 Elizabeth Bersson , Peter D. Hoff

We report a method that uses "completeness" to estimate the number of exrasolar planets discovered by an observing program with a direct-imaging instrument. We develop a completeness function for Earth-like planets on "habitable" orbits for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Robert A. Brown

A key challenge in differential abundance analysis of microbial samples is that the counts for each sample are compositional, resulting in biased comparisons of the absolute abundance across study groups. Normalization-based differential…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-26 Dylan Clark-Boucher , Brent A Coull , Harrison T Reeder , Fenglei Wang , Qi Sun , Jacqueline R Starr , Kyu Ha Lee

This paper introduces a novel data-free model extraction attack that significantly advances the current state-of-the-art in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and effectiveness. Traditional black-box methods rely on using the victim's model as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Maor Biton Dor , Yisroel Mirsky

Epidemiologic screening programs often make use of tests with small, but non-zero probabilities of misdiagnosis. In this article, we assume the target population is finite with a fixed number of true cases, and that we apply an imperfect…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-22 Lin Ge , Yuzi Zhang , Lance A. Waller , Robert H. Lyles

The number of elements (N) and types (S) sampled from an ecological system are among the most powerful constraints on observations of abundance, distribution, and diversity. Together, N and S determine sets of possible forms (i.e., feasible…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-03-08 Gabriel Arellano

Subsampling from a large data set is useful in many supervised learning contexts to provide a global view of the data based on only a fraction of the observations. Diverse (or space-filling) subsampling is an appealing subsampling approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-27 Boyang Shang , Daniel W. Apley , Sanjay Mehrotra

Quantitative population modelling is an invaluable tool for identifying the cascading effects of ecosystem management and interventions. Ecosystem models are often constructed by assuming stability and coexistence in ecological communities…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-06 Sarah A. Vollert , Christopher Drovandi , Matthew P. Adams

To study population dynamics, ecologists and wildlife biologists use relative abundance data, which are often subject to temporal preferential sampling. Temporal preferential sampling occurs when sampling effort varies across time. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-14 Michael R. Schwob , Mevin B. Hooten , Travis McDevitt-Galles

Capturing the dependence structure of multivariate extreme events is a major concern in many fields involving the management of risks stemming from multiple sources, e.g. portfolio monitoring, insurance, environmental risk management and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-03-15 Nicolas Goix , Anne Sabourin , Stéphan Clémençon

Fractionally supervised classification (FSC) offers a flexible framework for combining labeled and unlabeled data in model-based classification, but existing formulations assume simple random sampling. In many applications, however, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-29 Mohammad Jafari Jozani , Jingyu Wang

Realistic models of biological processes typically involve interacting components on multiple scales, driven by changing environment and inherent stochasticity. Such models are often analytically and numerically intractable. We revisit a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-19 K. Bodova , E. Szep , N. H. Barton

Efficient estimation of nonlinear properties is a significant yet challenging task from quantum information processing to many-body physics. Current methodologies often suffer from an exponential sampling cost or require auxiliary qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Qing Liu , Zihao Li , Xiao Yuan , Huangjun Zhu , You Zhou

Anomalous pattern detection aims to identify instances where deviation from normalcy is evident, and is widely applicable across domains. Multiple anomalous detection techniques have been proposed in the state of the art. However, there is…