English
Related papers

Related papers: Post-hoc Utterance Refining Method by Entity Minin…

200 papers

Reliable question answering with large language models (LLMs) is challenged by hallucinations, fluent but factually incorrect outputs arising from epistemic uncertainty. Existing entropy-based semantic-level uncertainty estimation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Chaodong Tong , Qi Zhang , Lei Jiang , Yanbing Liu , Nannan Sun , Wei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are notorious for blending fact with fiction and generating non-factual content, known as hallucinations. To address this challenge, we propose an interactive system that helps users gain insight into the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Furui Cheng , Vilém Zouhar , Simran Arora , Mrinmaya Sachan , Hendrik Strobelt , Mennatallah El-Assady

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including healthcare and biomedicine. However, the phenomenon of hallucination, where LLMs generate outputs that deviate from factual accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Duy Khoa Pham , Bao Quoc Vo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to augment the input to Large Language Models (LLMs) with external information, such as recent or domain-specific knowledge. Nonetheless, current models still produce closed-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Fabian Ridder , Laurin Lessel , Malte Schilling

Although pre-training models have achieved great success in dialogue generation, their performance drops dramatically when the input contains an entity that does not appear in pre-training and fine-tuning datasets (unseen entity). To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Leyang Cui , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ray Li , Tanishka Bagade , Kevin Martinez , Flora Yasmin , Grant Ayala , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) refers to the generation of content that is not faithful to the input or the real-world facts. This paper provides a rigorous treatment of hallucination in LLMs, including formal definitions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Esmail Gumaan

In this paper, we address the hallucination problem commonly found in natural language generation tasks. Language models often generate fluent and convincing content but can lack consistency with the provided source, resulting in potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wei-Lin Chen , Cheng-Kuang Wu , Hsin-Hsi Chen , Chung-Chi Chen

Can Large Language Models (LLMs) be trained to avoid hallucinating factual statements, and can Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) be triggered only when necessary to reduce retrieval and computation costs? In this work, we address both…

Language models (LMs) have recently shown remarkable performance on reasoning tasks by explicitly generating intermediate inferences, e.g., chain-of-thought prompting. However, these intermediate inference steps may be inappropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Debjit Paul , Mete Ismayilzada , Maxime Peyrard , Beatriz Borges , Antoine Bosselut , Robert West , Boi Faltings

Large language models (LLMs) can generate fluent natural language texts when given relevant documents as background context. This ability has attracted considerable interest in developing industry applications of LLMs. However, LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mengya Hu , Mingyu Wang , Vincent Yun , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal

Large Language Models (LLMs) assist in specialized tasks but struggle to align with evolving domain knowledge without costly fine-tuning. Domain knowledge consists of: Knowledge: Immutable facts (e.g., 'A stone is solid') and generally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Anish Ganguli , Prabal Deb , Debleena Banerjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but they suffer from hallucination, generating plausible yet factually incorrect content. This issue extends to Video-Language Models (VideoLLMs), where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ahmad Khalil , Mahmoud Khalil , Alioune Ngom

Hallucination remains a major challenge for the safe and trustworthy deployment of large language models (LLMs) in factual content generation. Prior work has explored confidence estimation as an effective approach to hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Caiqi Zhang , Xiaochen Zhu , Chengzu Li , Nigel Collier , Andreas Vlachos

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, their reliability is significantly compromised by hallucinations. Existing intrinsic self-correction methods attempt to address this, but often fail due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gyumin Kim , Juhwan Park , Jaeha Kim , Seunggyun Han , Kyungrak Son , Ikbeom Jang

To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Min-Hsuan Yeh , Max Kamachee , Seongheon Park , Yixuan Li

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable text generation capabilities, often hallucinate and generate text that is factually incorrect and not grounded in real-world knowledge. This poses serious risks in domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Raavi Gupta , Pranav Hari Panicker , Sumit Bhatia , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is a foundational cross-modal task that evaluates the interplay of language understanding, image comprehension, and language-to-image grounding. It serves as an essential testing ground for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xuzheng Yang , Junzhuo Liu , Peng Wang , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Biomedical question answering (QA) requires accurate interpretation of complex medical knowledge. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in this domain, with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yingpeng Ning , Yuanyuan Sun , Ling Luo , Yanhua Wang , Yuchen Pan , Hongfei Lin

Word embeddings are a fixed, distributional representation of the context of words in a corpus learned from word co-occurrences. Despite their proven utility in machine learning tasks, word embedding models may capture uneven semantic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 James Powell , Kari Sentz , Martin Klein