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Audio deepfake model attribution aims to mitigate the misuse of synthetic speech by identifying the source model responsible for generating a given audio sample, enabling accountability and informing vendors. The task is challenging, but…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Gabriel Pîrlogeanu , Adriana Stan , Horia Cucu

Enhancing explainability in speech self-supervised learning (SSL) is important for developing reliable SSL-based speech processing systems. This study probes how speech SSL models encode speaker-specific information via a large-scale…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Aemon Yat Fei Chiu , Kei Ching Fung , Roger Tsz Yeung Li , Jingyu Li , Tan Lee

Inspired by the humans' cognitive ability to generalise knowledge and skills, Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) targets at discovering general representations from large-scale data without requiring human annotations, which is an expensive and…

Neural audio codecs are widely used for audio compression and can be integrated into token-based language models. Traditional codecs preserve acoustic details well but lack semantic information. Recent hybrid codecs attempt to incorporate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kaiyuan Zhang , Mohan Shi , Eray Eren , Natarajan Balaji Shankar , Zilai Wang , Abeer Alwan

Modern speech enhancement (SE) networks typically implement noise suppression through time-frequency masking, latent representation masking, or discriminative signal prediction. In contrast, some recent works explore SE via generative…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-07 Bryce Irvin , Marko Stamenovic , Mikolaj Kegler , Li-Chia Yang

Discrete audio representations are gaining traction in speech modeling due to their interpretability and compatibility with large language models, but are not always optimized for noisy or real-world environments. Building on existing works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Shreyas Gopal , Ashutosh Anshul , Haoyang Li , Yue Heng Yeo , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

Speech tokenizers are a key building block of fully discrete Speech LLMs.Existing tokenizers either prioritize semantic encoding,fuse semantic content with acoustic style inseparably,or achieve incomplete semantic-acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hanlin Zhang , Daxin Tan , Dehua Tao , Xiao Chen , Haochen Tan , Yunhe Li , Yuchen Cao , Linqi Song

Discrete audio representation, aka audio tokenization, has seen renewed interest driven by its potential to facilitate the application of text language modeling approaches in audio domain. To this end, various compression and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Krishna C. Puvvada , Nithin Rao Koluguri , Kunal Dhawan , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

This paper conducts a comprehensive layer-wise analysis of self-supervised learning (SSL) models for audio deepfake detection across diverse contexts, including multilingual datasets (English, Chinese, Spanish), partial, song, and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-10 Yassine El Kheir , Youness Samih , Suraj Maharjan , Tim Polzehl , Sebastian Möller

Discrete audio tokens derived from self-supervised learning models have gained widespread usage in speech generation. However, current practice of directly utilizing audio tokens poses challenges for sequence modeling due to the length of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Feiyu Shen , Yiwei Guo , Chenpeng Du , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Acoustic scene classification (ASC) predominantly relies on supervised approaches. However, acquiring labeled data for training ASC models is often costly and time-consuming. Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yiqiang Cai , Shengchen Li , Xi Shao

Language models have been effectively applied to modeling natural signals, such as images, video, speech, and audio. A crucial component of these models is the codec tokenizer, which compresses high-dimensional natural signals into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Wen Wang , Yifu Chen , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Qian Yang , Xize Cheng , Zehan Wang , Ruiqi Li , Ziang Zhang , Xiaoda Yang , Rongjie Huang , Yidi Jiang , Qian Chen , Siqi Zheng , Zhou Zhao

Automatic singing voice understanding tasks, such as singer identification, singing voice transcription, and singing technique classification, benefit from data-driven approaches that utilize deep learning techniques. These approaches work…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yuya Yamamoto

With the emergence of neural audio codecs, which encode multiple streams of discrete tokens from audio, large language models have recently gained attention as a promising approach for zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Jaehyeon Kim , Keon Lee , Seungjun Chung , Jaewoong Cho

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has grown in interest within the speech processing community, since it produces representations that are useful for many downstream tasks. SSL uses global and contextual methods to produce robust…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Subrina Sultana , Donald S. Williamson

Audio and speech self-supervised encoder models are now widely used for a lot of different tasks. Many of these models are often trained on clean segmented speech content such as LibriSpeech. In this paper, we look into how the pretraining…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Valentin Pelloin , Lina Bekkali , Reda Dehak , David Doukhan

Neural audio codecs have significantly advanced audio compression by efficiently converting continuous audio signals into discrete tokens. These codecs preserve high-quality sound and enable sophisticated sound generation through generative…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xiaoyu Bie , Xubo Liu , Gaël Richard

With the rise of multimodal large language models (LLMs), audio codec plays an increasingly vital role in encoding audio into discrete tokens, enabling integration of audio into text-based LLMs. Current audio codec captures two types of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ruifan Deng , Yitian Gong , Qinghui Gao , Luozhijie Jin , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhaoye Fei , Shimin Li , Xipeng Qiu

Self-supervised language models are very effective at predicting high-level cortical responses during language comprehension. However, the best current models of lower-level auditory processing in the human brain rely on either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Aditya R. Vaidya , Shailee Jain , Alexander G. Huth

This paper presents a simple method that allows to easily enhance textual pre-trained large language models with speech information, when fine-tuned for a specific classification task. A classical issue with the fusion of many embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nicolas Calbucura , Jose Guillen , Valentin Barriere