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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate remarkable potential in robotic manipulation, yet challenges persist in executing complex fine manipulation tasks with high speed and precision. While excelling at high-level planning, existing VLM…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Qingxuan Jia , Guoqin Tang , Zeyuan Huang , Zixuan Hao , Ning Ji , Shihang , Yin , Gang Chen

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

Embodied intelligence fundamentally requires a capability to determine where to act in 3D space. We formalize this requirement as embodied localization -- the problem of predicting executable 3D points conditioned on visual observations and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiming Zhu , Zhirui Fang , Tianming Zhang , Chuanxiu Liu , Xiaoke Jiang , Lei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing popularity in robotic task planning due to their exceptional abilities in text analytics and generation, as well as their broad knowledge of the world. However, they fall short in decoding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Aoran Mei , Guo-Niu Zhu , Huaxiang Zhang , Zhongxue Gan

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled instruction-conditioned robotic systems with improved generalization. However, most existing work focuses on reactive System 1 policies, underutilizing VLMs' strengths in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Songhao Han , Boxiang Qiu , Yue Liao , Siyuan Huang , Chen Gao , Shuicheng Yan , Si Liu

Many language-guided robotic systems rely on collapsing spatial reasoning into discrete points, making them brittle to perceptual noise and semantic ambiguity. To address this challenge, we propose RoboMAP, a framework that represents…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xinyu Shao , Yanzhe Tang , Pengwei Xie , Kaiwen Zhou , Yuzheng Zhuang , Xingyue Quan , Jianye Hao , Long Zeng , Xiu Li

A well-designed reward is critical for effective reinforcement learning-based policy improvement. In real-world robotics, obtaining such rewards typically requires either labor-intensive human labeling or brittle, handcrafted objectives.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tony Lee , Andrew Wagenmaker , Karl Pertsch , Percy Liang , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

This paper focuses on embodied task planning, where an agent acquires visual observations from the environment and executes atomic actions to accomplish a given task. Although recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Peiran Xu , Jiaqi Zheng , Yadong Mu

Visual Robot Manipulation (VRM) aims to enable a robot to follow natural language instructions based on robot states and visual observations, and therefore requires costly multi-modal data. To compensate for the deficiency of robot data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dejie Yang , Zijing Zhao , Yang Liu

Recent progress in vision language foundation models has shown their ability to understand multimodal data and resolve complicated vision language tasks, including robotics manipulation. We seek a straightforward way of making use of…

Crop monitoring is essential for precision agriculture, but current systems lack high-level reasoning. We introduce a novel, modular framework that uses a Visual Language Model (VLM) to guide robotic task planning, interleaving input…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jose Cuaran , Kendall Koe , Aditya Potnis , Naveen Kumar Uppalapati , Girish Chowdhary

Bimanual manipulation requires reasoning about where to interact with an object and which arm should perform each action, a joint affordance localization and arm allocation problem that geometry-only planners cannot resolve without semantic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Fabian Hahne , Vignesh Prasad , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Jan Peters , Alap Kshirsagar

Improving embodied reasoning in multimodal-large-language models (MLLMs) is essential for building vision-language-action models (VLAs) on top of them to readily translate multimodal understanding into low-level actions. Accordingly, recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dongyoung Kim , Sumin Park , Woomin Song , Seungku Kim , Taeyoung Kim , Huiwon Jang , Jinwoo Shin , Jaehyung Kim , Younggyo Seo

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as pivotal tools for robotic systems, enabling cross-task generalization, dynamic environmental interaction, and long-horizon planning through multimodal perception and semantic reasoning. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Zhiyuan Zhang , Yuxin He , Yong Sun , Junyu Shi , Lijiang Liu , Qiang Nie

Vision-Language Models (VLM) can generate plausible high-level plans when prompted with a goal, the context, an image of the scene, and any planning constraints. However, there is no guarantee that the predicted actions are geometrically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhutian Yang , Caelan Garrett , Dieter Fox , Tomás Lozano-Pérez , Leslie Pack Kaelbling

Defining reward functions for skill learning has been a long-standing challenge in robotics. Recently, vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise in defining reward signals for teaching robots manipulation skills. However, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kaifeng Zhang , Zhao-Heng Yin , Weirui Ye , Yang Gao

Current robot autonomy struggles to operate beyond the assumed Operational Design Domain (ODD), the specific set of conditions and environments in which the system is designed to function, while the real-world is rife with uncertainties…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Hongyi Chen , Yunchao Yao , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu , Jeffrey Ichnowski

Solving complex long-horizon robotic manipulation problems requires sophisticated high-level planning capabilities, the ability to reason about the physical world, and reactively choose appropriate motor skills. Vision-language models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yunhai Feng , Jiaming Han , Zhuoran Yang , Xiangyu Yue , Sergey Levine , Jianlan Luo

Recent advancements in vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise in robotic manipulation, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon, multi-step tasks. Existing methods lack internal reasoning mechanisms that can identify…

Robots operating in human-centered environments should have the ability to understand how objects function: what can be done with each object, where this interaction may occur, and how the object is used to achieve a goal. To this end, we…