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Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been very effective in addressing the issue of various graph-structured related tasks. However, recent research has shown that GCNs are vulnerable to a new type of threat called a backdoor attack,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Jiazhu Dai , Zhipeng Xiong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly important given their popularity and the diversity of applications. Yet, existing studies of their vulnerability to adversarial attacks rely on relatively small graphs. We address this gap and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Simon Geisler , Tobias Schmidt , Hakan Şirin , Daniel Zügner , Aleksandar Bojchevski , Stephan Günnemann

Recent studies have shown that graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, posing significant challenges to their deployment in safety-critical scenarios. This vulnerability has spurred a growing focus on designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tao Wu , Canyixing Cui , Xingping Xian , Shaojie Qiao , Chao Wang , Lin Yuan , Shui Yu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks. However, recent works reveal that GNNs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Generally, backdoor attack poisons the graph by attaching backdoor triggers and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zhiwei Zhang , Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Defending Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) against adversarial attacks requires balancing accuracy and robustness, a trade-off often mishandled by traditional methods like adversarial training that intertwine these conflicting objectives within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Woohyun Lee , Hogun Park

Recent studies have revealed that GNNs are highly susceptible to multiple adversarial attacks. Among these, graph backdoor attacks pose one of the most prominent threats, where attackers cause models to misclassify by learning the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Hao Sui , Bing Chen , Jiale Zhang , Chengcheng Zhu , Di Wu , Qinghua Lu , Guodong Long

Graph unlearning methods aim to efficiently remove the impact of sensitive data from trained GNNs without full retraining, assuming that deleted information cannot be recovered. In this work, we challenge this assumption by introducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiahao Zhang , Yilong Wang , Zhiwei Zhang , Xiaorui Liu , Suhang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) which apply the deep neural networks to graph data have achieved significant performance for the task of semi-supervised node classification. However, only few work has addressed the adversarial robustness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Kaidi Xu , Hongge Chen , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsui-Wei Weng , Mingyi Hong , Xue Lin

As powerful tools for representation learning on graphs, graph neural networks (GNNs) have played an important role in applications including social networks, recommendation systems, and online web services. However, GNNs have been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Haoran Liu , Bokun Wang , Jianling Wang , Xiangjue Dong , Tianbao Yang , James Caverlee

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in relational learning. However, their vulnerability to graph backdoor attacks (GBAs) poses a significant barrier to broader adoption in high-stakes applications. Despite recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mengting Pan , Fan Li , Chen Chen , Xiaoyang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a class of deep learning models capable of processing graph-structured data, and they have demonstrated significant performance in a variety of real-world applications. Recent studies have found that GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jiazhu Dai , Haoyu Sun

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been shown to possess strong representation abilities over graph data. However, GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, and even minor perturbations to the graph structure can significantly degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Abdullah Alchihabi , Qing En , Yuhong Guo

Fairness-aware graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained a surge of attention as they can reduce the bias of predictions on any demographic group (e.g., female) in graph-based applications. Although these methods greatly improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Binchi Zhang , Yushun Dong , Chen Chen , Yada Zhu , Minnan Luo , Jundong Li

With the increasing popularity of graph-based learning, graph neural networks (GNNs) emerge as the essential tool for gaining insights from graphs. However, unlike the conventional CNNs that have been extensively explored and exhaustively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Boyuan Feng , Yuke Wang , Zheng Wang , Yufei Ding

Although Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have exhibited the powerful ability to gather graph-structured information from neighborhood nodes via various message-passing mechanisms, the performance of GNNs is limited by poor generalization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Zhaoliang Chen , Zhihao Wu , Ylli Sadikaj , Claudia Plant , Hong-Ning Dai , Shiping Wang , Yiu-Ming Cheung , Wenzhong Guo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated strong performance across tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification, but remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks that implant imperceptible triggers during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiaobao Wang , Ruoxiao Sun , Yujun Zhang , Bingdao Feng , Dongxiao He , Luzhi Wang , Di Jin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a cornerstone in graph-based data analysis, with applications in diverse domains such as bioinformatics, social networks, and recommendation systems. However, the interplay between model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kirill Lukyanov , Georgii Sazonov , Serafim Boyarsky , Ilya Makarov

Graph classification is crucial in network analyses. Networks face potential security threats, such as adversarial attacks. Some defense methods may trade off the algorithm complexity for robustness, such as adversarial training, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Jinyin Chen , Haiyang Xiong , Haibin Zhenga , Dunjie Zhang , Jian Zhang , Mingwei Jia , Yi Liu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a dominant paradigm for learning on graph-structured data, thanks to their ability to jointly exploit node features and relational information encoded in the graph topology. This joint modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yongyu Wang

Graph neural network (GNN) have demonstrated exceptional performance in solving critical problems across diverse domains yet remain susceptible to backdoor attacks. Existing studies on backdoor attack for graph classification are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Md Nabi Newaz Khan , Abdullah Arafat Miah , Yu Bi