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The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is integral to the FM-index, which is used extensively in text compression, indexing, pattern search, and bioinformatic problems as de novo assembly and read alignment. Thus, efficient construction of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel , Cederic Alexander Steininger

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a permutation whose applications are prevalent in data compression and text indexing. The bijective BWT (BBWT) is a bijective variant of it. Although it is known that the BWT can be constructed in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Hideo Bannai , Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Köppl , Marcin Picatkowski

We present a new semi-external algorithm that builds the Burrows--Wheeler transform variant of Bauer et al. (a.k.a., BCR BWT) in linear expected time. Our method uses compression techniques to reduce computational costs when the input is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Diego Díaz-Domínguez , Gonzalo Navarro

Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is an invertible text transformation that, given a text $T$ of length $n$, permutes its symbols according to the lexicographic order of suffixes of $T$. BWT is one of the most heavily studied algorithms in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) serves as the basis for many important sequence indexes. On very large datasets (e.g. genomic databases), classical BWT construction algorithms are often infeasible because they usually need to have the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jannik Olbrich

Indexing very large collections of strings, such as those produced by the widespread next generation sequencing technologies, heavily relies on multistring generalization of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT): large requirements of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Yuri Pirola , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

Introduced about thirty years ago in the field of Data Compression, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a string transformation that, besides being a booster of the performance of memoryless compressors, plays a fundamental role in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Raffaele Giancarlo , Giovanni Manzini , Antonio Restivo , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

Indexing of very large collections of strings such as those produced by the widespread sequencing technologies, heavily relies on multi-string generalizations of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), and for this problem various in-memory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Serena Nicosia , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a string transformation technique widely used in areas such as bioinformatics and file compression. Many applications combine a run-length encoding (RLE) with the BWT in a way which preserves the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Lily Major , Amanda Clare , Jacqueline W. Daykin , Benjamin Mora , Christine Zarges

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is often taught in undergraduate courses on algorithmic bioinformatics, because it underlies the FM-index and thus important tools such as Bowtie and BWA. Its admirers consider the BWT a thing of beauty…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Marinella Sciortino

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform is a string transformation that plays a fundamental role for the design of self-indexing compressed data structures. Over the years, researchers have successfully extended this transformation outside the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Raffaele Giancarlo , Giovanni Manzini , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

Motivation The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is the foundation of many algorithms for compression and indexing of text data, but the cost of computing the BWT of very large string collections has prevented these techniques from being…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Anthony J. Cox , Markus J. Bauer , Tobias Jakobi , Giovanna Rosone

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a well studied text transformation widely used in data compression and text indexing. The BWT of two strings can also provide similarity measures between them, based on the observation that the more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Felipe A. Louza , Guilherme P. Telles , Simon Gog , Liang Zhao

Some recent results have introduced external-memory algorithms to compute self-indexes of a set of strings, mainly via computing the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) of the input strings. The motivations for those results stem from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Yuri Pirola , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is among the most influential discoveries in text compression and DNA storage. It is a reversible preprocessing step that rearranges an $n$-letter string into runs of identical characters (by exploiting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Sandip Sinha , Omri Weinstein

The boom of genomic sequencing makes compression of set of sequences inescapable. This underlies the need for multi-string indexing data structures that helps compressing the data. The most prominent example of such data structures is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Bastien Cazaux , Eric Rivals

It is known that the exact form of the Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT) of a string collection depends, in most implementations, on the input order of the strings in the collection. Reordering strings of an input collection affects the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Davide Cenzato , Veronica Guerrini , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Giovanna Rosone

The field of succinct data structures has flourished over the last 16 years. Starting from the compressed suffix array (CSA) by Grossi and Vitter (STOC 2000) and the FM-index by Ferragina and Manzini (FOCS 2000), a number of generalizations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Djamal Belazzougui , Fabio Cunial , Juha Kärkkäinen , Veli Mäkinen

In order to avoid the reference bias introduced by mapping reads to a reference genome, bioinformaticians are investigating reference-free methods for analyzing sequenced genomes. With large projects sequencing thousands of individuals,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-15 Jouni Sirén

We present a new scalable, lightweight algorithm to incrementally construct the BWT and FM-index of large string sets such as those produced by Next Generation Sequencing. The algorithm is designed for massive parallelism and can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-03 Jacopo Pantaleoni
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