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A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

Recent research suggests that tree search algorithms (e.g. Monte Carlo Tree Search) can dramatically boost LLM performance on complex mathematical reasoning tasks. However, they often require more than 10 times the computational resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

We provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first computational study of extensive-form adversarial team games. These games are sequential, zero-sum games in which a team of players, sharing the same utility function, faces an adversary.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Andrea Celli , Nicola Gatti

We consider task and motion planning in complex dynamic environments for problems expressed in terms of a set of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) constraints, and a reward function. We propose a methodology based on reinforcement learning that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Chris Paxton , Vasumathi Raman , Gregory D. Hager , Marin Kobilarov

The real-time strategy game of StarCraft II has been posed as a challenge for reinforcement learning by Google's DeepMind. This study examines the use of an agent based on the Monte-Carlo Tree Search algorithm for optimizing the build order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Islam Elnabarawy , Kristijana Arroyo , Donald C. Wunsch

We analyze different ways of pairing agents in a bipartite matching problem, with regard to its scaling properties and to the distribution of individual ``satisfactions''. Then we explore the role of partial information and bounded…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paolo Laureti , Yi-Cheng Zhang

We study the problem of collective tree exploration (CTE) where a team of $k$ agents is tasked to traverse all the edges of an unknown tree as fast as possible, assuming complete communication between the agents. In this paper, we present…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Romain Cosson , Laurent Massoulié

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly enhanced the agentic capabilities of large language models (LLMs). In long-term and multi-turn agent tasks, existing approaches driven solely by outcome rewards often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yuxiang Ji , Ziyu Ma , Yong Wang , Guanhua Chen , Xiangxiang Chu , Liaoni Wu

Achieving convergence of multiple learning agents in general $N$-player games is imperative for the development of safe and reliable machine learning (ML) algorithms and their application to autonomous systems. Yet it is known that, outside…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Aamal Abbas Hussain , Francesco Belardinelli , Georgios Piliouras

The discovery of Behavior Trees (BTs) impacted the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in games, by providing flexible and natural representation of non-player characters (NPCs) logic, manageable by game-designers. Nevertheless, increased…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Andrzej Kozik , Tomasz Machalewski , Mariusz Marek , Adrian Ochmann

In this paper we present a novel generic mapping between Graphical Games and Markov Random Fields so that pure Nash equilibria in the former can be found by statistical inference on the latter. Thus, the problem of deciding whether a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Constantinos Daskalakis

In this work we study a well-known and challenging problem of Multi-agent Pathfinding, when a set of agents is confined to a graph, each agent is assigned a unique start and goal vertices and the task is to find a set of collision-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yelisey Pitanov , Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

General Video Game Playing (GVGP) is a field of Artificial Intelligence where agents play a variety of real-time video games that are unknown in advance. This limits the use of domain-specific heuristics. Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Chiara F. Sironi , Torsten Schuster , Mark H. M. Winands

We propose fully-distributed algorithms for Nash equilibrium seeking in aggregative games over networks. We first consider the case where local constraints are present and we design an algorithm combining, for each agent, (i) the projected…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Guido Carnevale , Filippo Fabiani , Filiberto Fele , Kostas Margellos , Giuseppe Notarstefano

Much of recent success in multiagent reinforcement learning has been in two-player zero-sum games. In these games, algorithms such as fictitious self-play and minimax tree search can converge to an approximate Nash equilibrium. While…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Alexander Shmakov , John Lanier , Stephen McAleer , Rohan Achar , Cristina Lopes , Pierre Baldi

Imitation is widely observed in populations of decision-making agents. Using our recent convergence results for asynchronous imitation dynamics on networks, we consider how such networks can be efficiently driven to a desired equilibrium…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-17 James Riehl , Pouria Ramazi , Ming Cao

Whether a PTAS (polynomial-time approximation scheme) exists for game equilibria has been an open question, and its absence has indications and consequences in three fields: the practicality of methods in algorithmic game theory,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Hongbo Sun , Chongkun Xia , Junbo Tan , Bo Yuan , Xueqian Wang , Bin Liang

Much current research in AI and games is being devoted to Monte Carlo search (MCS) algorithms. While the quest for a single unified MCS algorithm that would perform well on all problems is of major interest for AI, practitioners often know…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Francis Maes , David Lupien St-Pierre , Damien Ernst

Computing a Nash equilibrium (NE) is a central task in computer science. An NE is a particularly appropriate solution concept for two-agent settings because coalitional deviations are not an issue. However, even in this case, finding an NE…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Nicola Gatti , Giorgio Patrini , Marco Rocco , Tuomas Sandholm

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a family of sampling-based search algorithms widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains and at the heart of many recent advances in artificial intelligence. Understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiyu Qian , Tim Miller , Zheng Qian , Liyuan Zhao