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Sparse fine-tuning techniques adapt LLMs to downstream tasks by only tuning a sparse subset of model parameters. However, the effectiveness of sparse adaptation depends on optimally selecting the model parameters to be fine-tuned. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Anand Choudhary , Yasser Sulaıman , Lukas Mauch , Ghouthi Boukli Hacene , Fabien Cardinaux , Antoine Bosselut

Training large language models (LLMs) is known to be challenging because of the huge computational and memory capacity requirements. To address these issues, it is common to use a cluster of GPUs with 3D parallelism, which splits a model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jinkyu Yim , Jaeyong Song , Yerim Choi , Jaebeen Lee , Jaewon Jung , Hongsun Jang , Jinho Lee

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) towards long-context reasoning and sparse architectures has pushed memory requirements far beyond the capacity of individual device HBM. While emerging supernode architectures offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Fangxin Liu , Qinghua Zhang , Hanjing Shen , Zhibo Liang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan , Chong Bao , Xuefeng Jin

Finetuned large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in financial tasks, such as sentiment analysis and information retrieval. Due to privacy concerns, finetuning and deploying Financial LLMs (FinLLMs) locally are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dannong Wang , Daniel Kim , Bo Jin , Xingjian Zhao , Tianfan Fu , Steve Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu

The auto-regressive decoding of Large Language Models (LLMs) results in significant overheads in their hardware performance. While recent research has investigated various speculative decoding techniques for multi-token generation, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hao Mark Chen , Wayne Luk , Ka Fai Cedric Yiu , Rui Li , Konstantin Mishchenko , Stylianos I. Venieris , Hongxiang Fan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao

Transformers and large language models~(LLMs) have seen rapid adoption in all domains. Their sizes have exploded to hundreds of billions of parameters and keep increasing. Under these circumstances, the training of transformers is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Avinash Maurya , Jie Ye , M. Mustafa Rafique , Franck Cappello , Bogdan Nicolae

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied but face challenges in efficient inference. While quantization methods reduce computational demands, ultra-low bit quantization with arbitrary precision is hindered by limited GPU Tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are commonly derived by extending pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. In this work, we investigate how MLLMs process visual inputs by analyzing their attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiahui Wang , Zuyan Liu , Yongming Rao , Jiwen Lu

In this paper, we explore FP8 low-bit data formats for efficient training of large language models (LLMs). Our key insight is that most variables, such as gradients and optimizer states, in LLM training can employ low-precision data formats…

Pipeline parallelism (PP) has become a standard technique for scaling large language model (LLM) training across multiple devices. However, despite recent progress in reducing memory consumption through activation offloading, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hongpei Li , Han Zhang , Huikang Liu , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

In addressing the computational and memory demands of fine-tuning Large Language Models(LLMs), we propose LoRA-SP(Streamlined Partial Parameter Adaptation), a novel approach utilizing randomized half-selective parameter freezing within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yichao Wu , Yafei Xiang , Shuning Huo , Yulu Gong , Penghao Liang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in advancing the field of artificial intelligence, yet their immense sizes pose significant challenges for both fine-tuning and deployment. Current post-training pruning methods, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xudong Lu , Aojun Zhou , Yuhui Xu , Renrui Zhang , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have emerged as hot topics in the research community. Despite the success of ANNs, it is challenging to train and deploy modern ANNs on commodity hardware due to the ever-increasing model size and the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Amarsagar Reddy Ramapuram Matavalam , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, but their enormous size poses significant challenges for deployment in real-world applications. To address this issue, researchers have sought to apply network pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Chang Gao , Kang Zhao , Runqi Wang , Jianfei Chen , Liping Jing

Large-scale model training has been a playing ground for a limited few requiring complex model refactoring and access to prohibitively expensive GPU clusters. ZeRO-Offload changes the large model training landscape by making large model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Jie Ren , Samyam Rajbhandari , Reza Yazdani Aminabadi , Olatunji Ruwase , Shuangyan Yang , Minjia Zhang , Dong Li , Yuxiong He

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of language processing tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of substantial computation and memory requirements, which significantly impedes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fen-Yu Hsieh , Yun-Chang Teng , Ding-Yong Hong , Jan-Jan Wu

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has pushed training workloads far beyond the limits of single-node analysis, demanding a deeper understanding of how these models behave across large-scale, multi-GPU systems. In this paper,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Seokjin Go , Joongun Park , Spandan More , Hanjiang Wu , Irene Wang , Aaron Jezghani , Tushar Krishna , Divya Mahajan