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Although large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance for many language tasks, most of them can only handle texts a few thousand tokens long, limiting their applications on longer sequence inputs, such as books, reports,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Jiajie Zhang , Hongchang Lyu , Jiankai Tang , Zhidian Huang , Zhengxiao Du , Xiao Liu , Aohan Zeng , Lei Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

Recent research has highlighted that Large Language Models (LLMs), even when trained to generate extended long reasoning steps, still face significant challenges on hard reasoning problems. However, much of the existing literature relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Fanzeng Xia , Yidong Luo , Tinko Sebastian Bartels , Yaqi Xu , Tongxin Li

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly assist software engineering tasks that require reasoning over long code contexts, yet their robustness under varying input conditions remains unclear. We conduct a systematic study of long-context…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Kishan Maharaj , Nandakishore Menon , Ashita Saxena , Srikanth Tamilselvam

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated versatile capabilities in long-context scenarios. Although some recent benchmarks have been developed to evaluate the long-context capabilities of LLMs, there is a lack of benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lei Wang , Shan Dong , Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Yalu Wang , Amrita Saha , Ee-Peng Lim , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Long-context language models (LCLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in long-context understanding tasks. Among these, long-context referencing -- a crucial task that requires LCLMs to attribute items of interest to specific parts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Junjie Wu , Gefei Gu , Yanan Zheng , Dit-Yan Yeung , Arman Cohan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated sophisticated capabilities, including the ability to process and comprehend extended contexts. These emergent capabilities necessitate rigorous evaluation methods to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in handling long sequences. Some models like Gemini could even to be capable of dealing with millions of tokens. However, their performance evaluation has largely been confined to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Tianle Li , Ge Zhang , Quy Duc Do , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

Large language models (LLMs) are equipped with increasingly extended context windows recently, yet their long context understanding capabilities over long dependency tasks remain fundamentally limited and underexplored. This gap is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ziyuan He , Yuxuan Wang , Jiaqi Li , Kexin Liang , Muhan Zhang

Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the long-context capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in long-context reasoning. To facilitate this research, we propose \textbf{DetectiveQA}, a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zhe Xu , Jiasheng Ye , Xiaoran Liu , Xiangyang Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Zhigeng Liu , Qipeng Guo , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Long-context reasoning is essential for complex real-world applications, yet remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite the rapid evolution in long-context reasoning, current research often overlooks the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yanling Xiao , Huaibing Xie , Guoliang Zhao , Shihan Dou , Shaolei Wang , Yiting Liu , Nantao Zheng , Cheng Zhang , Pluto Zhou , Zhisong Zhang , Lemao Liu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing the accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external information. With the advent of LLMs that support increasingly longer context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Quinn Leng , Jacob Portes , Sam Havens , Matei Zaharia , Michael Carbin

Processing and reasoning over long contexts is crucial for many practical applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as document comprehension and agent construction. Despite recent strides in making LLMs process contexts with more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Zihang Xu , Junhao Chen , Moo Khai Hao , Xu Han , Zhen Leng Thai , Shuo Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various natural language processing tasks by acquiring rich factual knowledge from their broad training data, their ability to synthesize and logically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianshi Zheng , Jiaxin Bai , Yicheng Wang , Tianqing Fang , Yue Guo , Yauwai Yim , Yangqiu Song

Long-context understanding poses significant challenges in natural language processing, particularly for real-world dialogues characterized by speech-based elements, high redundancy, and uneven information density. Although large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yongxuan Wu , Runyu Chen , Peiyu Liu , Hongjin Qian

Despite the remarkable advancements and widespread applications of deep neural networks, their ability to perform reasoning tasks remains limited, particularly in domains requiring structured, abstract thought. In this paper, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Satyam Goyal , Soham Dan

Large language models demonstrate promising long context processing capabilities, with recent models touting context windows close to one million tokens. However, the evaluations supporting these claims often involve simple retrieval tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Damien Sileo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant progress, but understanding long and complex documents remains challenging. Many long-context benchmarks have been proposed, but they face several limitations, including task realism, data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guancheng Du , Yong Hu , Wenqing Wang , Yaming Yang , Jiaheng Gao

Case-based reasoning is a cornerstone of U.S. legal practice, requiring professionals to argue about a current case by drawing analogies to and distinguishing from past precedents. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Li Zhang , Matthias Grabmair , Morgan Gray , Kevin Ashley

Recently proposed evaluation benchmarks aim to characterize the effective context length and the forgetting tendencies of large language models (LLMs). However, these benchmarks often rely on simplistic 'needle in a haystack' retrieval or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raquib Bin Yousuf , Aadyant Khatri , Shengzhe Xu , Mandar Sharma , Naren Ramakrishnan