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Smart contracts, closely intertwined with cryptocurrency transactions, have sparked widespread concerns about considerable financial losses of security issues. To counteract this, a variety of tools have been developed to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Guokai Sun , Yuan Zhuang , Shuo Zhang , Xiaoyu Feng , Zhenguang Liu , Liguo Zhang

The detection of vulnerabilities in smart contracts remains a significant challenge. While numerous tools are available for analyzing smart contracts in source code, only about 1.79% of smart contracts on Ethereum are open-source. For…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Yingjie Mao , Yuqing Zhang

We present SOLAR, a new analysis tool for automatically detecting standard violation errors in Ethereum smart contracts.Given the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) bytecode of a smart contract and a user specified constraint or invariant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Ao Li , Fan Long

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are expected to provide various services compared to the 4G and previous generations of networks. The Quality of Service requirements can be quite different in terms of latency, bandwidth,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Joao Paulo de Brito Goncalves , Gustavo Alochio , Rodolfo da Silva Villaca , Roberta Lima Gomes

With the frantic development of smart contracts on the Ethereum platform, its market value has also climbed. In 2016, people were shocked by the loss of nearly $50 million in cryptocurrencies from the DAO reentrancy attack. Due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Xiaotao Feng , Qin Wang , Xiaogang Zhu , Sheng Wen

Smart contract vulnerabilities cost billions of dollars annually, yet existing automated analysis tools fail to generate deployable defenses. We present FLAMES, a novel automated approach that synthesizes executable runtime guards as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mojtaba Eshghie , Gabriele Morello , Matteo Lauretano , Alexandre Bartel , Martin Monperrus

The evaluation of smart contract reputability is essential to foster trust in decentralized ecosystems. However, existing methods that rely solely on code analysis or transactional data, offer limited insight into evolving trustworthiness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Cyrus Malik , Josef Bajada , Joshua Ellul

Widespread reuse of open-source code in smart contract development boosts programming efficiency but significantly amplifies bug propagation across contracts, while dedicated methods for detecting similar smart contract functions remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhenguang Liu , Lixun Ma , Zhongzheng Mu , Chengkun Wei , Xiaojun Xu , Yingying Jiao , Kui Ren

In an increasingly complex contractual landscape, the demand for transparency, security, and efficiency has intensified. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable nature, addresses these challenges by reducing intermediary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lambard Maxence , Bertelle Cyrille , Duvallet Claude

With the rapid advancement of blockchain technology, smart contracts have enabled the implementation of increasingly complex functionalities. However, ensuring the security of smart contracts remains a persistent challenge across the stages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yuchen Ding , Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contract-enabled blockchains allow building decentralized applications in which mutually-distrusted parties can work together. Recently, oracle services emerged to provide these applications with real-world data feeds. Unfortunately,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Z. Motaqy , G. Almashaqbeh , B. Bahrak , N. Yazdani

Reentrancy attacks remain a persistent threat to decentralized applications (DApps), with malicious actors siphoning around 80M USD from the DApp ecosystem last year by exploiting EVM's inter-contract message-passing semantics. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shashank Joshi , Wojciech Golab

Smart contracts are small programs on the blockchain that often handle valuable assets. Vulnerabilities in smart contracts can be costly, as time has shown over and over again. Countermeasures are high in demand and include best practice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Monika di Angelo , Gernot Salzer

Security testing verifies that the data and the resources of software systems are protected from attackers. Unfortunately, it suffers from the oracle problem, which refers to the challenge, given an input for a system, of distinguishing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Phu X. Mai , Fabrizio Pastore , Arda Goknil , Lionel Briand

Smart Contracts (SCs) in Ethereum can automate tasks and provide different functionalities to a user. Such automation is enabled by the `Turing-complete' nature of the programming language (Solidity) in which SCs are written. This also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Rachit Agarwal , Tanmay Thapliyal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

With the recent popularity of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), blockchain enabled smart contract applications has attracted increased research focus. However, the immutability of the blocks, where the smart…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Mahdi H. Miraz , Maaruf Ali

The Solana blockchain was created by Anatoly Yakovenko of Solana Labs and was introduced in 2017, employing a novel transaction verification method. However, at the same time, the innovation process introduced some new security issues. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Xiangfan Wu , Ju Xing , Xiaoqi Li

Blockchain and smart contract technology are novel approaches to data and code management that facilitate trusted computing by allowing for development in a distributed and decentralized manner. Testing smart contracts comes with its own…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Stefan Driessen , Dario Di Nucci , Geert Monsieur , Damian A. Tamburri , Willem-Jan van den Heuvel

The popularity of smart contracts is on the rise, yet breaches in reliability and security linger. Among the many facets of smart contract reliability, we concentrate on faults rooted in out-of-order interactions with contract endpoints. We…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Afonso Falcão , Andreia Mordido , Vasco T. Vasconcelos

Smart contracts are a secure and trustworthy application that plays a vital role in decentralized applications in various fields such as insurance,the internet, and gaming. However, in recent years, smart contract security breaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jixuan Wu , Lei Xie , Xiaoqi Li