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Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), a non-autoregressive training criterion, is widely used in online keyword spotting (KWS). However, existing CTC-based KWS decoding strategies either rely on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR),…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xiaoyu Gu , Hao Li , Yidi Jiang , Kai Yu

End-to-end model, especially Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T), has achieved great success in speech recognition. However, transducer requires a great memory footprint and computing time when processing a long decoding sequence.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Xiaohui Zhang , Mangui Liang , Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao

Recently self-supervised learning has emerged as an effective approach to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Under such a framework, the neural network is usually pre-trained with massive unlabeled data and then…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-16 Songjun Cao , Yueteng Kang , Yanzhe Fu , Xiaoshuo Xu , Sining Sun , Yike Zhang , Long Ma

In recent years, advancements in the field of speech processing have led to cutting-edge deep learning algorithms with immense potential for real-world applications. The automated identification of stuttered speech is one of such…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Huma Ameer , Seemab Latif , Rabia Latif , Sana Mukhtar

Recent advancements in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, exemplified by Whisper, have demonstrated the potential of these systems to approach human-level performance given sufficient data. However, this progress doesn't readily…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-16 Ahmed Adel Attia , Jing Liu , Wei Ai , Dorottya Demszky , Carol Espy-Wilson

Low latency speech human-machine communication is becoming increasingly necessary as speech technology advances quickly in the last decade. One of the primary factors behind the advancement of speech technology is self-supervised learning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yun Tang , Cindy Tseng

We introduce a new cross-modal fusion technique designed for generative error correction in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Our methodology leverages both acoustic information and external linguistic representations to generate accurate…

Automatic detection of speaker confidence is critical for adaptive computing but remains constrained by limited labelled data and the subjectivity of paralinguistic annotations. This paper proposes a semi-supervised hybrid framework that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Adam Wynn , Jingyun Wang

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) with an encoder equipped with self-attention, whether streaming or non-streaming, takes quadratic time in the length of the speech utterance. This slows down training and decoding, increase their cost, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Titouan Parcollet , Rogier van Dalen , Shucong Zhang , Sourav Batthacharya

Contextual biasing is essential to improving the recognition of rare and domain-specific words in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. While numerous methods have been proposed in recent years, most of them focus on offline…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Kai-Chen Tsai , Tien-Hong Lo , Yun-Ting Sun , Berlin Chen

For most of the attention-based sequence-to-sequence models, the decoder predicts the output sequence conditioned on the entire input sequence processed by the encoder. The asynchronous problem between the encoding and decoding makes these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen

Benefiting from massive and diverse data sources, speech foundation models exhibit strong generalization and knowledge transfer capabilities to a wide range of downstream tasks. However, a limitation arises from their exclusive handling of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Pengcheng Guo , Xuankai Chang , Hang Lv , Shinji Watanabe , Lei Xie

Real-time Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a fundamental building block for many commercial applications of ML, including live captioning, dictation, meeting transcriptions, and medical scribes. Accuracy and latency are the most…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Atila Orhon , Arda Okan , Berkin Durmus , Zach Nagengast , Eduardo Pacheco

We propose Chunk-wise Attention Transducer (CHAT), a novel extension to RNN-T models that processes audio in fixed-size chunks while employing cross-attention within each chunk. This hybrid approach maintains RNN-T's streaming capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hainan Xu , Vladimir Bataev , Travis M. Bartley , Jagadeesh Balam

As the size of pre-trained speech recognition models increases, running these large models in low-latency or resource-constrained environments becomes challenging. In this work, we leverage pseudo-labelling to assemble a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Sanchit Gandhi , Patrick von Platen , Alexander M. Rush

Speech codecs serve as bridges between continuous speech signals and large language models, yet face an inherent conflict between acoustic fidelity and semantic preservation. To mitigate this conflict, prevailing methods augment acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xin Zhang , Lin Li , Xiangni Lu , Jianquan Liu , Kong Aik Lee

Pretrained automatic speech recognition (ASR) models such as Whisper perform well but still need domain adaptation to handle unseen parlance. In many real-world settings, collecting speech data is impractical, necessitating text-only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Akshat Pandey , Karun Kumar , Raphael Tang

Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) aims to recognize and transcribe speech from multiple languages within a single system. Whisper, one of the most advanced ASR models, excels in this domain by handling 99 languages…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Shao-Syuan Huang , Kuan-Po Huang , Andy T. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

User studies have shown that reducing the latency of our simultaneous lecture translation system should be the most important goal. We therefore have worked on several techniques for reducing the latency for both components, the automatic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Thai Son Nguyen , Jan Niehues , Eunah Cho , Thanh-Le Ha , Kevin Kilgour , Markus Muller , Matthias Sperber , Sebastian Stueker , Alex Waibel

Currently, there are mainly three kinds of Transformer encoder based streaming End to End (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) approaches, namely time-restricted methods, chunk-wise methods, and memory-based methods. Generally, all of…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Fangyuan Wang , Bo Xu