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Recent advances in large reasoning language models (LRLMs) rely on test-time scaling, which extends long chain-of-thought (CoT) generation to solve complex tasks. However, overthinking in long CoT not only slows down the efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chenxu Yang , Qingyi Si , Yongjie Duan , Zheliang Zhu , Chenyu Zhu , Qiaowei Li , Minghui Chen , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

While Chain-of-Thought prompting is popular in reasoning tasks, its application to Large Language Models (LLMs) in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is under-explored. Motivated by multi-step reasoning of LLMs, we propose Coarse-to-Fine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hoang H. Nguyen , Ye Liu , Chenwei Zhang , Tao Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Chain-of-thought prompting combined with pre-trained large language models has achieved encouraging results on complex reasoning tasks. In this paper, we propose a new decoding strategy, self-consistency, to replace the naive greedy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Xuezhi Wang , Jason Wei , Dale Schuurmans , Quoc Le , Ed Chi , Sharan Narang , Aakanksha Chowdhery , Denny Zhou

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves the problem-solving ability of large language models (LLMs), but generated reasoning traces may not faithfully reflect the model's actual decision process. Existing CoT unfaithfulness detectors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xu Shen , Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Pingjun Hong , Rui Miao , Xin Wang , Tianlong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in predicting mental health outcomes from online text, yet traditional classification methods often lack interpretability and robustness. This study evaluates structured reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Avinash Patil , Amardeep Kour Gedhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) solve many reasoning tasks via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, but smaller models (about 7 to 8B parameters) still struggle with multi-step reasoning under tight compute and token budgets. Existing test time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sagnik Chatterjee , Atharva Patil , Sricharan Ramesh

Action detection and understanding provide the foundation for the generation and interaction of multimedia content. However, existing methods mainly focus on constructing complex relational inference networks, overlooking the judgment of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhe Luo , Weina Fu , Shuai Liu , Saeed Anwar , Muhammad Saqib , Sambit Bakshi , Khan Muhammad

We propose CoT-Self-Instruct, a synthetic data generation method that instructs LLMs to first reason and plan via Chain-of-Thought (CoT) based on given seed tasks, and then generate a new synthetic example of similar quality and complexity.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ping Yu , Jack Lanchantin , Tianlu Wang , Weizhe Yuan , Olga Golovneva , Ilia Kulikov , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Jason Weston , Jing Xu

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex reasoning tasks like mathematical problem-solving. However, existing research predominantly relies on reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 ShaoZhen Liu , Xinting Huang , Houwen Peng , Xin Chen , Xinyang Song , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun

Despite recent progress in video large language models (VideoLLMs), a key open challenge remains: how to equip models with chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning abilities grounded in fine-grained object-level video understanding. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yanan Wang , Julio Vizcarra , Zhi Li , Hao Niu , Mori Kurokawa

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their impressive abilities in various reasoning and decision-making tasks. However, the quality and coherence of the reasoning process can still benefit from enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song , Fucheng Zhong , Jisen Jia , Zhaobo Wu , Zheyi Cao , Tianhao Xu

Existing Machine Learning techniques yield close to human performance on text-based classification tasks. However, the presence of multi-modal noise in chat data such as emoticons, slang, spelling mistakes, code-mixed data, etc. makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Parag Agrawal , Anshuman Suri

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has advanced medical visual question answering (VQA), yet most existing CoT rationales are free-form and fail to capture the structured reasoning process clinicians actually follow. This work asks: Can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lin Fan , Yafei Ou , Zhipeng Deng , Pengyu Dai , Hou Chongxian , Jiale Yan , Yaqian Li , Kaiwen Long , Xun Gong , Masayuki Ikebe , Yefeng Zheng

Large vision-language models (VLMs) often benefit from chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting in general domains, yet its efficacy in medical vision-language tasks remains underexplored. We report a counter-intuitive trend: on medical visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuan Wu , Zongxian Yang , Jiayu Qian , Songpan Gao , Guanxing Chen , Qiankun Li , Yu-An Huang , Zhi-An Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medical settings, yet their sensitivity to prompt formatting remains poorly characterized. We evaluate MedGemma (4B and 27B parameters) on MedMCQA (4,183 questions) and PubMedQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Binesh Sadanandan , Vahid Behzadan

Despite significant advancements in the general capability of large language models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with consistent and accurate reasoning, especially in complex tasks such as mathematical and code reasoning. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenwen Liang , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Xiangliang Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Recent advances in distributed language modeling have led to large performance increases on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, it is not well understood how these methods may be augmented by knowledge-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-10 William R. Kearns , Wilson Lau , Jason A. Thomas

While large language models are trained on massive datasets, this data is heavily skewed towards English. Does their impressive performance reflect genuine ability or just this data advantage? To find out, we tested them in a setting where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ritesh Sunil Chavan , Jack Mostow

Large language models (LLMs) perform better when they produce step-by-step, "Chain-of-Thought" (CoT) reasoning before answering a question, but it is unclear if the stated reasoning is a faithful explanation of the model's actual reasoning…

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao