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We show that randomly choosing the matrices in a completely positive map from the unitary group gives a quantum expander. We consider Hermitian and non-Hermitian cases, and we provide asymptotically tight bounds in the Hermitian case on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. B. Hastings

By generalizing the path method, we show that nonlinear spectral gaps of a finite connected graph are uniformly bounded from below by a positive constant which is independent of the target metric space. We apply our result to an $r$-ball…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-16 Takefumi Kondo , Tetsu Toyoda

We prove that a wide class of random quantum channels with few Kraus operators, sampled as random matrices with some sparsity and moment assumptions, typically exhibit a large spectral gap, and are therefore optimal quantum expanders. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Cécilia Lancien , Pierre Youssef

We provide a method for estimating spectral gaps in low-dimensional systems. Unlike traditional phase estimation, our approach does not require ancillary qubits nor does it require well characterised gates. Instead, it only requires the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 Ilia Zintchenko , Nathan Wiebe

In this work we investigate how quantum expanders (i.e. quantum channels with few Kraus operators but a large spectral gap) can be constructed from unitary designs. Concretely, we prove that a random quantum channel whose Kraus operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Cécilia Lancien

In this work, we prove a lower bound on the difference between the first and second singular values of quantum channels induced by random isometries, that is tight in the scaling of the number of Kraus operators. This allows us to give an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-22 Carlos E. González-Guillén , Marius Junge , Ion Nechita

Efficient methods for generating pseudo-randomly distributed unitary operators are needed for the practical application of Haar distributed random operators in quantum communication and noise estimation protocols. We develop a theoretical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Joseph Emerson , Etera Livine , Seth Lloyd

We derive several upper bounds on the spectral gap of the Laplacian with standard or Dirichlet vertex conditions on compact metric graphs. In particular, we obtain estimates based on the length of a shortest cycle (girth), diameter, total…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Gregory Berkolaiko , James B. Kennedy , Pavel Kurasov , Delio Mugnolo

The spectral gap of local random quantum circuits is a fundamental property that determines how close the moments of the circuit's unitaries match those of a Haar random distribution. When studying spectral gaps, it is common to bound these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Andrew E. Deneris , Pablo Bermejo , Paolo Braccia , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo

We prove quadratic eigenvalue perturbation bounds for generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problems. The bounds are proportional to the square of the norm of the perturbation matrices divided by the gap between the spectrums. Using the results…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-09-21 Yuji Nakatsukasa

We study the limiting spectral distribution of quantum channels whose Kraus operators are sampled as $n\times n$ random Hermitian matrices satisfying certain assumptions. We show that when the Kraus rank goes to infinity with n, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Cécilia Lancien , Patrick Oliveira Santos , Pierre Youssef

We analyze properties of non-hermitian matrices of size M constructed as square submatrices of unitary (orthogonal) random matrices of size N>M, distributed according to the Haar measure. In this way we define ensembles of random matrices…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-31 Karol Zyczkowski , Hans-Juergen Sommers

A fundamental question is understanding the rate at which random quantum circuits converge to the Haar measure. One quantity which is important in establishing this rate is the spectral gap of a random quantum ensemble. In this work we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 James Allen , Daniel Belkin , Bryan K. Clark

A method for estimating the spectral gap along with higher eigenvalues of nonequilateral quantum graphs has been introduced by Amini and Cohen-Steiner recently: it is based on a new transference principle between discrete and continuous…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-11 Delio Mugnolo , Marvin Plümer

Random quantum circuits are a central concept in quantum information theory with applications ranging from demonstrations of quantum computational advantage to descriptions of scrambling in strongly-interacting systems and black holes. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-23 Jonas Haferkamp , Nicholas Hunter-Jones

The spectrum of a graph is closely related to many graph parameters. In particular, the spectral gap of a regular graph which is the difference between its valency and second eigenvalue, is widely seen an algebraic measure of connectivity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-06 Sebastian M. Cioabă , Jack H. Koolen , Masato Mimura , Hiroshi Nozaki , Takayuki Okuda

In this study, we generate quantum channels with random Kraus operators to typically obtain almost twirling quantum channels and quantum expanders. To prove the concentration phenomena, we use matrix Bernstein's inequality. In this way, our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Motohisa Fukuda

We generalize classical results in spectral graph theory and linear algebra more broadly, from the case where the underlying matrix is Hermitian to the case where it is non-Hermitian. New admissibility conditions are introduced to replace…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Edinah K. Gnang , James M. Murphy

In this paper we obtain new bounds for the minimum output entropies of random quantum channels. These bounds rely on random matrix techniques arising from free probability theory. We then revisit the counterexamples developed by Hayden and…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Benoît Collins , Ion Nechita

We analyze the behavior of a non-Hermitian opened one-dimensional quantum system with $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry. This system is built by a dimer, with balanced gains and losses described by a parameter $\gamma$. By varying $\gamma$ the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 J. Colín-Gálvez , E. Castaño , G. Báez , V. Domínguez-Rocha
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