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Neural network model extraction has recently emerged as an important security concern, as adversaries attempt to recover a network's parameters via black-box queries. Carlini et al. proposed in CRYPTO'20 a model extraction approach,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Haolin Liu , Adrien Siproudhis , Samuel Experton , Peter Lorenz , Christina Boura , Thomas Peyrin

Recent advancements of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have seen widespread deployment in multiple security-sensitive domains. The need of resource-intensive training and use of valuable domain-specific training data have made these models a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Adnan Siraj Rakin , Md Hafizul Islam Chowdhuryy , Fan Yao , Deliang Fan

Neural networks are valuable intellectual property due to the significant computational cost, expert labor, and proprietary data involved in their development. Consequently, protecting their parameters is critical not only for maintaining a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ashley Kurian , Aydin Aysu

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have attracted significant attention, and their internal models are now considered valuable intellectual assets. Extracting such a model via oracle access to a DNN is conceptually similar to extracting a secret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Akira Ito , Takayuki Miura , Yosuke Todo

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are valuable assets, yet their public accessibility raises security concerns about parameter extraction by malicious actors. Recent work by Carlini et al. (crypto'20) and Canales-Mart\'inez et al. (eurocrypt'24)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Nicholas Carlini , Jorge Chávez-Saab , Anna Hambitzer , Francisco Rodríguez-Henríquez , Adi Shamir

We argue that the machine learning problem of model extraction is actually a cryptanalytic problem in disguise, and should be studied as such. Given oracle access to a neural network, we introduce a differential attack that can efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Nicholas Carlini , Matthew Jagielski , Ilya Mironov

Deep Neural nets (NNs) with millions of parameters are at the heart of many state-of-the-art computer vision systems today. However, recent works have shown that much smaller models can achieve similar levels of performance. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-07-23 Suraj Srinivas , R. Venkatesh Babu

Billions of dollars and countless GPU hours are currently spent on training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for a variety of tasks. Thus, it is essential to determine the difficulty of extracting all the parameters of such neural networks when…

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which dramatically alter model output using small input changes. We propose Neural Fingerprinting, a simple, yet effective method to detect adversarial examples by verifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Sumanth Dathathri , Stephan Zheng , Tianwei Yin , Richard M. Murray , Yisong Yue

Model extraction is a major threat for embedded deep neural network models that leverages an extended attack surface. Indeed, by physically accessing a device, an adversary may exploit side-channel leakages to extract critical information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Raphael Joud , Pierre-Alain Moellic , Simon Pontie , Jean-Baptiste Rigaud

As neural networks continue their reach into nearly every aspect of software operations, the details of those networks become an increasingly sensitive subject. Even those that deploy neural networks embedded in physical devices may wish to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Xing Hu , Ling Liang , Lei Deng , Shuangchen Li , Xinfeng Xie , Yu Ji , Yufei Ding , Chang Liu , Timothy Sherwood , Yuan Xie

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become increasingly popular in computer vision, natural language processing, and other areas. However, training and fine-tuning a deep learning model is computationally intensive and time-consuming. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Jiayi Liu , Samarth Tripathi , Unmesh Kurup , Mohak Shah

Despite the success of deep neural networks (DNNs), state-of-the-art models are too large to deploy on low-resource devices or common server configurations in which multiple models are held in memory. Model compression methods address this…

The machine learning problem of extracting neural network parameters has been proposed for nearly three decades. Functionally equivalent extraction is a crucial goal for research on this problem. When the adversary has access to the raw…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Yi Chen , Xiaoyang Dong , Jian Guo , Yantian Shen , Anyu Wang , Xiaoyun Wang

The deployment of deep neural networks on resource-constrained devices necessitates effective model com- pression strategies that judiciously balance the reduction of model size with the preservation of performance. This study introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Mohammad Zbeeb , Mariam Salman , Mohammad Bazzi , Ammar Mohanna

Recent advances in training deep (multi-layer) architectures have inspired a renaissance in neural network use. For example, deep convolutional networks are becoming the default option for difficult tasks on large datasets, such as image…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Mark D. McDonnell , Migel D. Tissera , Tony Vladusich , André van Schaik , Jonathan Tapson

Model extraction attacks are a kind of attacks in which an adversary obtains a new model, whose performance is equivalent to that of a target model, via query access to the target model efficiently, i.e., fewer datasets and computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Tatsuya Takemura , Naoto Yanai , Toru Fujiwara

Recent attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models such as evasion attacks with adversarial examples and models stealing through extraction attacks pose several security and privacy threats. Prior work proposes to use adversarial training to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Kacem Khaled , Gabriela Nicolescu , Felipe Gohring de Magalhães

Deep Neural Networks are highly over-parameterized and the size of the neural networks can be reduced significantly after training without any decrease in performance. One can clearly see this phenomenon in a wide range of architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Utku Evci

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are widely used to solve a variety of problems and as the quantity of data and the amount of available compute have increased, so have model sizes. The number of parameters in recent state-of-the-art networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Sharan Narang , Erich Elsen , Gregory Diamos , Shubho Sengupta
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