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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to augment the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving and incorporate external documents or chunks prior to generation. However, even improved retriever relevance can brings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

Modern information retrieval (IR) is no longer consumed primarily by humans but increasingly by large language models (LLMs) via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and agentic search. Unlike human users, LLMs are constrained by limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lu Dai , Liang Sun , Fanpu Cao , Ziyang Rao , Cehao Yang , Hao Liu , Hui Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in numerous tasks but still heavily rely on knowledge stored in their parameters. Moreover, updating this knowledge incurs high training costs. Retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Xuhong Zhang , Weihao Liu , Jianwei Yin , Jiannan Cao , Tianyu Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

We present the Benchmark of Information Retrieval (IR) tasks with Complex Objectives (BIRCO). BIRCO evaluates the ability of IR systems to retrieve documents given multi-faceted user objectives. The benchmark's complexity and compact size…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xiaoyue Wang , Jianyou Wang , Weili Cao , Kaicheng Wang , Ramamohan Paturi , Leon Bergen

Our ability to continuously acquire, organize, and leverage knowledge is a key feature of human intelligence that AI systems must approximate to unlock their full potential. Given the challenges in continual learning with large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Yiheng Shu , Weijian Qi , Sizhe Zhou , Yu Su

While the flexible capabilities of large language models (LLMs) allow them to answer a range of queries based on existing learned knowledge, information retrieval to augment generation is an important tool to allow LLMs to answer questions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Guy Zyskind , Tobin South , Alex Pentland

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves the reliability of large language model (LLM) answers by integrating external knowledge. However, RAG increases the end-to-end inference time since looking for relevant documents from large…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) is especially valuable in specialized domains, where precision is critical. To more specialize the LLMs into a target domain, domain-specific RAG has recently been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Juntae Lee , Jihwan Bang , Seunghan Yang , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Learning multiple tasks sequentially without forgetting previous knowledge, called Continual Learning(CL), remains a long-standing challenge for neural networks. Most existing methods rely on additional network capacity or data replay. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Hao Liu , Huaping Liu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into enterprise knowledge management systems has been catalyzed by the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm, which augments parametric memory with non-parametric external data.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Weixi Lin

Naive Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) focuses on individual documents during retrieval and, as a result, falls short in handling networked documents which are very popular in many applications such as citation graphs, social media, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zheng Zhang , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing, but these models often generate factually incorrect information, known as "hallucination". Initial retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to improve knowledge capabilities and alleviate the hallucination problem of LLMs. The Web is a major source of external knowledge used in RAG systems, and many commercial RAG systems have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jiejun Tan , Zhicheng Dou , Wen Wang , Mang Wang , Weipeng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Recently, large reasoning models have demonstrated strong mathematical and coding abilities, and deep search leverages their reasoning capabilities in challenging information retrieval tasks. Existing deep search works are generally limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jiejun Tan , Zhicheng Dou , Yan Yu , Jiehan Cheng , Qiang Ju , Jian Xie , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language comprehension and generation but are prone to hallucinations, producing factually incorrect or unsupported outputs. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by grounding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chandana Sree Mala , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the way information is retrieved with vast amounts of knowledge being summarized and presented via natural language conversations. Yet, LLMs are prone to highlight the most frequently seen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Julien Delile , Srayanta Mukherjee , Anton Van Pamel , Leonid Zhukov

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

As Large Language Model (LLM) integration has accelerated in high-stakes domains, model hallucination is a critical issue. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique for addressing hallucination; however, RAG's multi-component…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Riddhi Tikoo

Given a semi-structured knowledge base (SKB), where text documents are interconnected by relations, how can we effectively retrieve relevant information to answer user questions? Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) retrieves documents to…